MP-AI-20/mechanical-engineering-skills - Page 13

resistance-welding

Resistance welding — spot (RSW), seam, projection, flash butt, nugget formation, heat generation Q=I²Rt, electrode force, weld schedule, lobe curve, AWS C1.1, automotive applications.

rigid-coupling

Rigid coupling design — flanged couplings (AGMA 9009, torque capacity, bolt pattern), sleeve/muff couplings, clamp couplings (split), key-and-keyway (ANSI B17.1, shear and bearing stress), interference fit (fretting fatigue), axial force from thermal…

riser-design

Marine riser design — top-tension risers (TTR), steel catenary risers (SCR), flexible risers (lazy-wave, steep-wave, pliant-wave), static and dynamic analysis, riser mechanics (tension, bending, pressure, hang-off angle), vortex-induced vibration (VIV,…

rivet-joints

Rivet joint design — shear failure (single/double shear), bearing stress (on plate and rivet), tearing (net section), joint efficiency, rivet patterns (lap, butt, multiple row), pitch and spacing (AISC/ASME), solid vs. blind rivets (AN/MS aerospace), rivet…

robot-calibration

Robot calibration — kinematic calibration (DH parameter identification, joint offset, link length, twist angle), pose measurement (laser tracker, CMM, photogrammetry, API T3), error model (differential kinematics, Jacobian), identification algorithm…

robot-dynamics

Robot dynamics — Euler-Lagrange equations of motion, Newton-Euler recursive algorithm, inertia matrix, Coriolis and centrifugal matrix, gravity vector, joint torque/force calculation, dynamic model identification (IDIM, least-squares), friction models…

robot-path-planning

Robot path planning — configuration space (C-space), RRT/RRT* (rapidly-exploring random trees), PRM (probabilistic roadmap), A* and Dijkstra graph search, potential fields, trajectory optimization (CHOMP, STOMP, TrajOpt), joint-space vs. Cartesian-space…

robot-sensors

Robot sensors — encoders (incremental/absolute, resolution, accuracy), force-torque sensors (ATI, Schunk, 6-DOF wrench measurement), tactile sensors (capacitive, piezoresistive arrays), proximity sensors (laser rangefinder, ultrasonic, capacitive), vision…

robot-simulation

Robot simulation — rigid body dynamics engines (ODE, Bullet, MuJoCo, Drake), kinematic simulation (ROS/Gazebo, URDF/SDF), physics fidelity (contacts, friction, deformable bodies), sim-to-real transfer (domain randomization, domain adaptation), simulation for…

robot-trajectory

Robot trajectory planning — joint-space vs. Cartesian, trapezoidal velocity profile, 5th-degree polynomial, DH parameters, inverse kinematics, singularities, jerk-limited motion, OMPL/MoveIt.

robotics-kinematics

Robotics kinematics — forward/inverse kinematics, DH parameters, transformation matrices, workspace analysis, singularities, Jacobian, velocity kinematics, robot types (serial/parallel/SCARA).

robust-control

Robust control — H∞ synthesis (mixed sensitivity, S/KS/T weighting), μ-synthesis (structured singular value, D-K iteration), loop shaping (Glover-McFarlane), uncertainty modeling (additive, multiplicative, structured, parametric), robust stability condition…

robust-design

Robust design (Taguchi method) — parameter design, tolerance design, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N: nominal-is-best, smaller-is-better, larger-is-better), orthogonal arrays (L9, L18, L27), control vs. noise factors, outer array experiment, ANOVA for factor…

rocket-nozzle

Rocket nozzle design — isentropic flow (area-Mach relation, throat conditions), bell nozzle (parabolic approximation, Rao optimization), method of characteristics (MOC) for ideal contour, nozzle performance (thrust, specific impulse Isp, thrust coefficient…

rocket-propulsion

Rocket propulsion — specific impulse, thrust equation, rocket nozzle design (isentropic), ideal rocket equation, propellant types, chamber conditions, combustion stability.

roll-forming

Roll forming process design — pass schedule (number of passes, bend angle per pass), flower pattern, springback compensation (overbend), roll tooling (material, hardness, surface finish), material selection (HSLA, stainless, coated steel), speed and…

roller-burnishing

Roller burnishing (deep rolling) — surface finish improvement (Ra 0.05–0.4 μm), compressive residual stress induction, Hertzian contact pressure, burnishing force and depth of plastic deformation, material flow (cold working hardening), ball vs. roller vs.…

room-acoustics

Room acoustics design — reverberation time (Sabine/Eyring T60), absorption coefficients (NRC, SAA), room modes (axial, tangential, oblique), speech intelligibility (STI, RASTI, C80), noise criteria (NC, RC, NR curves), HVAC noise in rooms, isolation flanking…

rotating-discs

Rotating disc and ring stresses — uniform disc, disc with central hole, variable thickness disc, burst speed, thermal stresses in discs, turbine disc design.

rotating-equipment-field-issues

Rotating equipment field troubleshooting — pump cavitation (NPSH deficit, suction conditions), pump seal failures (API 682 seal plans, seal flush plan selection, face loading), mechanical seal face wear patterns, bearing failures (overheating, spalling, false…

rotor-balancing

Rotor balancing — static and dynamic imbalance, ISO G grades, residual unbalance, influence coefficient method, field balancing, two-plane balancing.

rubber-engineering

Rubber engineering — hyperelastic material models (Mooney-Rivlin, Neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh), vulcanization and crosslink density, rubber-to-metal bonding (Chemlok), shore hardness (Shore A/D), durometer to modulus conversion, creep and stress relaxation,…

safety-integrity-level

Safety Integrity Level (SIL) determination and verification — IEC 61508/61511, LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis), PFD/PFH calculation, hardware fault tolerance (HFT), safe failure fraction (SFF), diagnostic coverage (DC), proof test intervals, SIL 1–4…

safety-relief-valve

Safety and relief valve design — ASME Section VIII UG-125 to UG-140, API 520/521/526, required relieving capacity (vapor/liquid/fire case), orifice area calculation, back pressure effects (superimposed/built-up), balanced bellows vs. conventional vs.…

sand-casting

Sand casting process — gating system design, riser sizing (Chvorinov's rule, modulus method), shrinkage, casting defects, pattern allowances, green sand vs no-bake, tolerances.

sandwich-panel

Sandwich panel structural analysis — face sheet design (Euler buckling, wrinkling), core shear (Vinson formula), bending stiffness D = E_f×t_f×d²/2, deflection with transverse shear, face dimpling, core types (honeycomb, foam, balsa), materials (CFRP/aluminum…

section-lookup

Steel section database lookup — W-shapes, S-shapes, C-channels, L-angles, HSS (rectangular/square/round), pipe sections. Properties: A, I, S, Z, r, J, Cw, dimensions. Cross-references MechEngine sections-db.js (475 sections).

seismic-design

Seismic design — ASCE 7 seismic provisions, design response spectrum, equivalent lateral force (ELF), response spectrum analysis (RSA), R/Cd factors, drift limits, base isolation, AISC 341.

seismic-isolation

Seismic isolation design — lead rubber bearings (LRB), friction pendulum systems (FPS), high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB), isolation period T_iso, effective stiffness K_eff, equivalent viscous damping β_eff, displacement demand D, ASCE 7 Chapter 17, IBC…

seismic-nuclear

Nuclear facility seismic analysis — ASCE 4 (seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures), ASCE 43 (seismic design criteria for structures, systems, and components), in-structure response spectra (ISRS), floor response spectrum generation, seismic…

sensitivity-analysis

Engineering sensitivity analysis — parameter sensitivity, Monte Carlo simulation, DOE (factorial design, RSM), FMEA, tolerance stack analysis, Taguchi methods.

separator-design

Gas-liquid separator design — two-phase and three-phase separators, Souders-Brown coefficient (K-factor), vertical vs. horizontal separator sizing, retention time, mist eliminator (wire mesh, vane pack, cyclonic), inlet devices (half-pipe, diverter plate),…

servo-control

Servo control system design — PID tuning (Ziegler-Nichols, IMC, pole placement), cascade control (inner velocity/outer position loop), feedforward, velocity and current loops, servo motor selection (torque-speed curve, back-EMF, BEMF constant), encoder…

shaft-alignment

Rotating machinery shaft alignment — types of misalignment (parallel/angular/combined), rim-and-face method, reverse indicator method, laser alignment (Optalign, Rotalign), thermal growth correction, soft foot detection and correction, alignment tolerances by…

shaft-design

Complete shaft design — combined bending+torsion, DE-Goodman/ASME-Elliptic criteria, critical speed, deflection, keyway stress concentration, bearing seat sizing. Shigley Ch.6-7.

shape-memory-alloys

Shape memory alloys — NiTi (Nitinol), one-way/two-way SME, pseudoelasticity, transformation temperatures, stress-strain, actuator design, biomedical applications, Tanaka model.

shear-stress

Shear stress — transverse shear (VQ/Ib), shear flow in thin-walled sections, shear center, horizontal shear in composite beams, direct shear, punching shear.

shell-buckling

Shell buckling analysis — cylindrical shells under axial compression (Euler, ECCS knockdown factors), external pressure buckling (ASME UG-28, Windenburg-Trilling, Windenburg chart), spherical shells under external pressure, combined loading (axial + pressure…

shell-tube-hx

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger design — TEMA types, LMTD correction, NTU-effectiveness, tube sizing, baffle spacing, pressure drop (Bell-Delaware), fouling, ASME VIII.

shell-vibration

Thin shell vibration analysis — cylindrical shell frequencies (Flügge/Donnell equations, circumferential wave number n, axial wave number m), ring frequency, breathing mode, beam mode, Rayleigh-Ritz method, fluid-filled shell (added mass), shell-fluid…