| name | cloud-and-infra |
| description | Cloud-native service fingerprints, Kubernetes/container exposure, CI/CD platform exposure, TLS deep audit, and favicon hash pivot for authorized infrastructure recon. |
| version | 1.1.0 |
| triggers | ["cloud native fingerprint","Lambda function URL","Cloud Run","kubernetes exposure","kubelet","etcd","CI CD exposure","Jenkins recon","GitLab self-hosted","GitHub Actions secrets","TLS deep audit","JA3 JA4","container registry","Docker API","Argo CD","favicon hash"] |
Cloud & Infrastructure OSINT
Sub-skill of offensive-osint. Load osint-methodology for pipeline and triage context.
Authorized targets only.
BEHAVIORAL CONTRACT
When triggered: Cloud-native service fingerprinting, Kubernetes/container exposure, CI/CD platform exposure, TLS deep audit, or container registry leak hunting is needed.
Execute:
- For each discovered subdomain/IP, match against cloud-native URL patterns (§1). Classify provider and service type.
- Check public-vs-auth-required on each cloud function endpoint (HEAD/GET).
- For K8s/container exposure: probe ports from §2 table (Docker 2375/2376, kubelet 10250, etcd 2379, K8s API 6443/8443). Anonymous access = CRITICAL.
- Check CI/CD platforms (§3) for unauthenticated access.
- Run TLS deep audit (§4) on every HTTPS endpoint in scope.
- Check public container registries (§2) for target-owned images.
- For each finding, emit per
osint-methodology §3 schema.
Output: Infrastructure findings with provider, service type, auth posture, severity. All per osint-methodology §3 schema.
Severity rules: Inline per section tables. Docker API unencrypted = CRITICAL. Open kubelet = CRITICAL. Open etcd = CRITICAL. K8s API anonymous = HIGH. TLS 1.0/1.1 = MEDIUM.
Gating rules: Active port probing is HIGH detectability — confirm authorization. Container image pulls generate logs — note detectability.
Chain to: Feed discovered cloud endpoints to web-surface for HTTP checks. Feed K8s findings to analysis-and-reporting for attack-path hints. For ASN/BGP lookups, use recon-asset-discovery.
1. Cloud-Native Service Fingerprints
| Provider | URL pattern | Notes |
|---|
| AWS Lambda Function URL | *.lambda-url.<region>.on.aws | Direct invocation; check IAM auth posture |
| AWS App Runner | *.<region>.awsapprunner.com | Managed container |
| AWS API Gateway | *.execute-api.<region>.amazonaws.com | REST/HTTP/WebSocket; check authorizer |
| AWS CloudFront | d{14}\.cloudfront\.net | Distribution; find origin via docs/methods/cdn-bypass-techniques.md |
| AWS ALB / ELB | *.elb.<region>.amazonaws.com | Behind = EC2 / ECS |
| AWS Amplify | *.amplifyapp.com | Static + Lambda backend |
| Google Cloud Run | *.run.app (and *.<region>.run.app) | Check public-vs-IAM auth |
| Google Cloud Functions | *.cloudfunctions.net | Serverless |
| Google App Engine | *.appspot.com | Older serverless |
| Azure Functions | *.azurewebsites.net | Function App; also App Service |
| Azure Container Apps | *.azurecontainerapps.io | Containers |
| Vercel | *.vercel.app, *.now.sh (legacy) | Frontend + serverless |
| Netlify | *.netlify.app, *.netlify.com | Frontend + functions |
| Cloudflare Workers | *.workers.dev | Edge functions |
| Cloudflare Pages | *.pages.dev | Static + functions |
| Heroku | *.herokuapp.com | Dynos |
| Render | *.onrender.com | Container/static |
| Railway | *.railway.app | App platform |
| DigitalOcean App Platform | *.ondigitalocean.app | Static + container |
Per-platform checks:
- Confirm public vs auth-required (HEAD / GET).
- Check CORS posture.
- Lambda Function URLs / Cloud Run / Cloud Functions: anonymous invocation = HIGH finding.
- Static + functions hybrids (Vercel/Netlify): function paths usually
/api/*; enumerate via JS extraction.
2. Container & Kubernetes Exposure
| Target | Port | Probe | Severity |
|---|
| Docker API (unencrypted) | 2375 | curl -sk -m 5 http://${IP}:2375/v1.40/info | CRITICAL |
| Docker API (TLS) | 2376 | curl -sk -m 5 https://${IP}:2376/v1.40/info | HIGH |
| Kubernetes API server | 6443 / 8443 | curl -sk -m 5 https://${IP}:6443/api | HIGH if anonymous non-403 |
| kubelet | 10250 (HTTPS) | curl -sk -m 5 https://${IP}:10250/pods | CRITICAL (no auth = pod exec) |
| etcd | 2379 (client) | curl -sk -m 5 https://${IP}:2379/v2/keys/ | CRITICAL (cluster state + secrets) |
| Kubernetes Dashboard | 8001 / 9090 / 30000+ | curl -sk -m 5 http://${IP}:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard | HIGH |
| kube-controller-manager | 10257 | curl https://${IP}:10257/metrics | MEDIUM |
| kube-scheduler | 10259 | curl https://${IP}:10259/metrics | MEDIUM |
| Helm Tiller (Helm 2, deprecated but found) | 44134 | helm --host ${IP}:44134 list | HIGH |
Container registries to check for leaks:
| Registry | Search pattern |
|---|
| Docker Hub | https://hub.docker.com/search?q=<target-keyword>&type=image |
| Quay (Red Hat) | https://quay.io/search?q=<target-keyword> |
| GitHub Container Registry | https://api.github.com/orgs/<org>/packages?package_type=container |
| Amazon ECR Public | https://gallery.ecr.aws/?searchTerm=<keyword> |
| Google Container Registry (GCR) | https://gcr.io/v2/<project-id>/tags/list (also try us.gcr.io, eu.gcr.io, asia.gcr.io) |
| Azure Container Registry (ACR) | https://<registry>.azurecr.io/v2/_catalog (anonymous pull if enabled) |
Per-image scan workflow:
docker pull <registry>/<image>:<tag>
docker save <image> -o /tmp/img.tar
docker history <image>
3. CI/CD Platform Exposure
| Platform | Common exposure | Probe |
|---|
| Jenkins | /script (Groovy console = RCE if no auth), /asynchPeople/ | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/script" |
| GitLab self-hosted | Version in HTML; /api/v4/version | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/api/v4/version" |
| TeamCity | /login.html; CVE-2024-27198 (KEV) | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/login.html" | grep -i TeamCity |
| Argo CD | /api/version; anonymous-auth posture | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/api/version" |
| Bamboo | /rest/api/latest/info | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/rest/api/latest/info" |
| Drone CI | /api/info | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/api/info" |
| Spinnaker | /gate/info, /applications | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/gate/info" |
| CircleCI | /api/v2/me (token leak → project enum), public build logs | curl -sk -m 10 "${T}/api/v2/me" -H "Circle-Token: ${TOKEN}" |
GitHub Actions secret-leak anti-patterns:
run: echo "${{ secrets.MY_API_KEY }}"
on: pull_request_target
jobs:
test:
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
4. TLS Deep Audit
Beyond cert SAN + JARM — inspect cipher suites, protocols, and config quality.
sslyze --regular target.example:443
sslyze --json_out=tls.json target.example:443
docker run --rm -ti drwetter/testssl.sh https://target.example
testssl.sh --jsonfile-pretty=tls-report.json target.example:443
nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers,ssl-cert -p 443 target.example
Issues to check:
| Issue | Severity |
|---|
| TLS 1.0 / 1.1 supported | MEDIUM (PCI-DSS forbids TLS 1.0) |
| SSL 3.0 / 2.0 supported | HIGH |
| Weak ciphers (RC4, 3DES, CBC modes) | MEDIUM |
| Anonymous DH | HIGH |
| Weak key size (<2048 RSA, <256 ECDSA) | HIGH |
| Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160) | CRITICAL |
| ROBOT (CVE-2017-13099) | HIGH |
| Ticketbleed (CVE-2016-9244) | HIGH (F5-specific) |
| HSTS not present on /login | HIGH |
| Self-signed cert on production | MEDIUM |
| Expired cert | MEDIUM |
JA3/JA4 reference databases:
- ja3er.com — JA3 → client-software mapping.
- Shodan
ssl.jarm:<hash> to find shared infrastructure / origin candidates.
5. Favicon mmh3 Hash Pivot
python3 -c "
import urllib.request, codecs, mmh3
data = urllib.request.urlopen('https://target.example/favicon.ico').read()
print(mmh3.hash(codecs.encode(data, 'base64')))"
shodan search "http.favicon.hash:<hash>" --fields ip_str,port,org
Note: For ASN/BGP and internet measurement, see recon-asset-discovery. For reverse DNS sweep and IPv6 enumeration scripts, see docs/methods/active-sweep-scripts.md.
