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name threejs-skills description Create 3D scenes, interactive experiences, and visual effects using Three.js. Use when user requests 3D graphics, WebGL experiences, 3D visualizations, animations, or interactive 3D elements. type skill created 2026-02-27T00:00:00.000Z domain design-creative category 3d-animation risk safe source https://github.com/CloudAI-X/threejs-skills tags ["skill","design-creative","3d-animation","threejs"]
Three.js Skills
Systematically create high-quality 3D scenes and interactive experiences using Three.js best practices.
When to Use
Requests 3D visualizations or graphics ("create a 3D model", "show in 3D")
Wants interactive 3D experiences ("rotating cube", "explorable scene")
Needs WebGL or canvas-based rendering
Asks for animations, particles, or visual effects
Mentions Three.js, WebGL, or 3D rendering
Wants to visualize data in 3D space
Core Setup Pattern
1. Essential Three.js Imports
Use ES module import maps for modern Three.js (r183+):
<script type ="importmap" >
{
"imports" : {
"three" : "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.183.0/build/three.module.js" ,
"three/addons/" : "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.183.0/examples/jsm/"
}
}
</script >
<script type ="module" >
import * as THREE from "three" ;
import { OrbitControls } from "three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js" ;
</script >
For production with npm/vite/webpack:
import * as THREE from "three" ;
import { OrbitControls } from "three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js" ;
2. Scene Initialization
Every Three.js artifact needs these core components:
const scene = new THREE .Scene ();
const camera = new THREE .PerspectiveCamera (
75 ,
window .innerWidth / window .innerHeight ,
0.1 ,
1000 ,
);
camera.position .z = 5 ;
const renderer = new THREE .WebGLRenderer ({ antialias : true });
renderer.setSize (window .innerWidth , window .innerHeight );
document .body .appendChild (renderer.domElement );
3. Animation Loop Use renderer.setAnimationLoop() (preferred) or requestAnimationFrame:
renderer.setAnimationLoop (() => {
mesh.rotation .x += 0.01 ;
mesh.rotation .y += 0.01 ;
renderer.render (scene, camera);
});
function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
mesh.rotation .x += 0.01 ;
mesh.rotation .y += 0.01 ;
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
animate ();
Systematic Development Process
1. Define the Scene
What objects need to be renderedCamera position and field of viewLighting setup requiredInteraction model (static, rotating, user-controlled)
2. Build Geometry Choose appropriate geometry types:
BoxGeometry - cubes, rectangular prismsSphereGeometry - spheres, planetsCylinderGeometry - cylinders, tubesPlaneGeometry - flat surfaces, ground planesTorusGeometry - donuts, rings CapsuleGeometry is available (stable since r142):
new THREE .CapsuleGeometry (0.5 , 1 , 4 , 8 );
3. Apply Materials Choose materials based on visual needs:
MeshBasicMaterial - unlit, flat colors (no lighting needed)MeshStandardMaterial - physically-based, realistic (needs lighting)MeshPhongMaterial - shiny surfaces with specular highlightsMeshLambertMaterial - matte surfaces, diffuse reflection const material = new THREE .MeshStandardMaterial ({
color : 0x00ff00 ,
metalness : 0.5 ,
roughness : 0.5 ,
});
4. Add Lighting If using lit materials (Standard, Phong, Lambert), add lights:
const ambientLight = new THREE .AmbientLight (0xffffff , 0.5 );
scene.add (ambientLight);
const directionalLight = new THREE .DirectionalLight (0xffffff , 0.8 );
directionalLight.position .set (5 , 5 , 5 );
scene.add (directionalLight);
Skip lighting if using MeshBasicMaterial - it's unlit by design.
5. Handle Responsiveness Always add window resize handling:
window .addEventListener ("resize" , () => {
camera.aspect = window .innerWidth / window .innerHeight ;
camera.updateProjectionMatrix ();
renderer.setSize (window .innerWidth , window .innerHeight );
});
Common Patterns
Rotating Object function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
mesh.rotation .x += 0.01 ;
mesh.rotation .y += 0.01 ;
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
OrbitControls With import maps or build tools, OrbitControls works directly:
import { OrbitControls } from "three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js" ;
const controls = new OrbitControls (camera, renderer.domElement );
controls.enableDamping = true ;
renderer.setAnimationLoop (() => {
controls.update ();
renderer.render (scene, camera);
});
Custom Camera Controls (Alternative) For lightweight custom controls without importing OrbitControls:
let isDragging = false ;
let previousMousePosition = { x : 0 , y : 0 };
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ("mousedown" , () => {
isDragging = true ;
});
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ("mouseup" , () => {
isDragging = false ;
});
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ("mousemove" , (event ) => {
if (isDragging) {
const deltaX = event.clientX - previousMousePosition.x ;
const deltaY = event.clientY - previousMousePosition.y ;
const rotationSpeed = 0.005 ;
camera.position .x += deltaX * rotationSpeed;
camera.position .y -= deltaY * rotationSpeed;
camera.lookAt (scene.position );
}
previousMousePosition = { x : event.clientX , y : event.clientY };
});
renderer.domElement .addEventListener ("wheel" , (event ) => {
event.preventDefault ();
camera.position .z += event.deltaY * 0.01 ;
camera.position .z = Math .max (2 , Math .min (20 , camera.position .z ));
});
Raycasting for Object Selection Detect mouse clicks and hovers on 3D objects:
const raycaster = new THREE .Raycaster ();
const mouse = new THREE .Vector2 ();
const clickableObjects = [];
window .addEventListener ("mousemove" , (event ) => {
mouse.x = (event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ;
mouse.y = -(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ;
});
window .addEventListener ("click" , () => {
raycaster.setFromCamera (mouse, camera);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects (clickableObjects);
if (intersects.length > 0 ) {
const clickedObject = intersects[0 ].object ;
clickedObject.material .color .set (0xff0000 );
}
});
function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
raycaster.setFromCamera (mouse, camera);
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects (clickableObjects);
clickableObjects.forEach ((obj ) => {
obj.scale .set (1 , 1 , 1 );
});
if (intersects.length > 0 ) {
intersects[0 ].object .scale .set (1.2 , 1.2 , 1.2 );
document .body .style .cursor = "pointer" ;
} else {
document .body .style .cursor = "default" ;
}
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
Particle System const particlesGeometry = new THREE .BufferGeometry ();
const particlesCount = 1000 ;
const posArray = new Float32Array (particlesCount * 3 );
for (let i = 0 ; i < particlesCount * 3 ; i++) {
posArray[i] = (Math .random () - 0.5 ) * 10 ;
}
particlesGeometry.setAttribute (
"position" ,
new THREE .BufferAttribute (posArray, 3 ),
);
const particlesMaterial = new THREE .PointsMaterial ({
size : 0.02 ,
color : 0xffffff ,
});
const particlesMesh = new THREE .Points (particlesGeometry, particlesMaterial);
scene.add (particlesMesh);
User Interaction (Mouse Movement) let mouseX = 0 ;
let mouseY = 0 ;
document .addEventListener ("mousemove" , (event ) => {
mouseX = (event.clientX / window .innerWidth ) * 2 - 1 ;
mouseY = -(event.clientY / window .innerHeight ) * 2 + 1 ;
});
function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
camera.position .x = mouseX * 2 ;
camera.position .y = mouseY * 2 ;
camera.lookAt (scene.position );
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
Loading Textures const textureLoader = new THREE .TextureLoader ();
const texture = textureLoader.load ("texture-url.jpg" );
const material = new THREE .MeshStandardMaterial ({
map : texture,
});
Best Practices
Performance
Visual Quality
Always set antialias: true on renderer for smooth edges
Use appropriate camera FOV (45-75 degrees typical)
Position lights thoughtfully - avoid overlapping multiple bright lights
Add ambient + directional lighting for realistic scenes
Code Organization
Initialize scene, camera, renderer at the top
Group related objects (e.g., all particles in one group)
Keep animation logic in the animate function
Separate object creation into functions for complex scenes
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
❌ Using outputEncoding instead of outputColorSpace (renamed in r152)
❌ Forgetting to add objects to scene with scene.add()
❌ Using lit materials without adding lights
❌ Not handling window resize
❌ Forgetting to call renderer.render() in animation loop
❌ Using THREE.Clock without considering THREE.Timer (recommended in r183)
Example Workflow User: "Create an interactive 3D sphere that responds to mouse movement"
Setup : Import Three.js, create scene/camera/rendererGeometry : Create SphereGeometry(1, 32, 32) for smooth sphereMaterial : Use MeshStandardMaterial for realistic lookLighting : Add ambient + directional lightsInteraction : Track mouse position, update cameraAnimation : Rotate sphere, render continuouslyResponsive : Add window resize handlerResult : Smooth, interactive 3D sphere ✓
Troubleshooting Black screen / Nothing renders:
Check if objects added to scene
Verify camera position isn't inside objects
Ensure renderer.render() is called
Add lights if using lit materials
Reduce particle count
Lower geometry detail (segments)
Reuse materials/geometries
Check browser console for errors
Check object position vs camera position
Verify material has visible color/properties
Ensure camera far plane includes objects
Add lighting if needed
Advanced Techniques
Visual Polish for Portfolio-Grade Rendering
renderer.shadowMap .enabled = true ;
renderer.shadowMap .type = THREE .PCFSoftShadowMap ;
const directionalLight = new THREE .DirectionalLight (0xffffff , 1 );
directionalLight.position .set (5 , 10 , 5 );
directionalLight.castShadow = true ;
directionalLight.shadow .mapSize .width = 2048 ;
directionalLight.shadow .mapSize .height = 2048 ;
directionalLight.shadow .camera .near = 0.5 ;
directionalLight.shadow .camera .far = 50 ;
scene.add (directionalLight);
mesh.castShadow = true ;
mesh.receiveShadow = true ;
const groundGeometry = new THREE .PlaneGeometry (20 , 20 );
const groundMaterial = new THREE .MeshStandardMaterial ({ color : 0x808080 });
const ground = new THREE .Mesh (groundGeometry, groundMaterial);
ground.rotation .x = -Math .PI / 2 ;
ground.receiveShadow = true ;
scene.add (ground);
Environment Maps & Reflections:
const loader = new THREE .CubeTextureLoader ();
const envMap = loader.load ([
"px.jpg" ,
"nx.jpg" ,
"py.jpg" ,
"ny.jpg" ,
"pz.jpg" ,
"nz.jpg" ,
]);
scene.environment = envMap;
scene.background = envMap;
const material = new THREE .MeshStandardMaterial ({
metalness : 1.0 ,
roughness : 0.1 ,
envMap : envMap,
});
Tone Mapping & Output Encoding:
renderer.toneMapping = THREE .ACESFilmicToneMapping ;
renderer.toneMappingExposure = 1.0 ;
renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE .SRGBColorSpace ;
scene.fog = new THREE .Fog (0xcccccc , 10 , 50 );
scene.fog = new THREE .FogExp2 (0xcccccc , 0.02 );
Custom Geometry from Vertices const geometry = new THREE .BufferGeometry ();
const vertices = new Float32Array ([-1 , -1 , 0 , 1 , -1 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 0 ]);
geometry.setAttribute ("position" , new THREE .BufferAttribute (vertices, 3 ));
Post-Processing Effects Post-processing effects are available via import maps or build tools. See threejs-postprocessing skill for EffectComposer, bloom, DOF, and more.
Group Objects const group = new THREE .Group ();
group.add (mesh1);
group.add (mesh2);
group.rotation .y = Math .PI / 4 ;
scene.add (group);
Summary Three.js artifacts require systematic setup:
Import Three.js via import maps or build tools
Initialize scene, camera, renderer
Create geometry + material = mesh
Add lighting if using lit materials
Implement animation loop (prefer setAnimationLoop)
Handle window resize
Set renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace
Follow these patterns for reliable, performant 3D experiences.
Modern Three.js Practices (r183)
Modular Imports
import * as THREE from "three" ;
import { OrbitControls } from "three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js" ;
import { GLTFLoader } from "three/addons/loaders/GLTFLoader.js" ;
import { EffectComposer } from "three/addons/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js" ;
WebGPU Renderer (Alternative) Three.js r183 includes a WebGPU renderer as an alternative to WebGL:
import { WebGPURenderer } from "three/addons/renderers/webgpu/WebGPURenderer.js" ;
const renderer = new WebGPURenderer ({ antialias : true });
await renderer.init ();
renderer.setSize (window .innerWidth , window .innerHeight );
WebGPU uses TSL (Three.js Shading Language) instead of GLSL for custom shaders. See threejs-shaders for details.
Timer (r183 Recommended) THREE.Timer is recommended over THREE.Clock as of r183:
const timer = new THREE .Timer ();
renderer.setAnimationLoop (() => {
timer.update ();
const delta = timer.getDelta ();
const elapsed = timer.getElapsed ();
mesh.rotation .y += delta;
renderer.render (scene, camera);
});
Not affected by page visibility (pauses when tab is hidden)
Cleaner API design
Better integration with setAnimationLoop
Animation Libraries (GSAP Integration)
import gsap from "gsap" ;
gsap.to (mesh.position , {
x : 5 ,
duration : 2 ,
ease : "power2.inOut" ,
});
const timeline = gsap.timeline ();
timeline
.to (mesh.rotation , { y : Math .PI * 2 , duration : 2 })
.to (mesh.scale , { x : 2 , y : 2 , z : 2 , duration : 1 }, "-=1" );
Professional easing functions
Timeline control (pause, reverse, scrub)
Better than manual lerping for complex animations
Scroll-Based Interactions
let scrollY = window .scrollY ;
window .addEventListener ("scroll" , () => {
scrollY = window .scrollY ;
});
function animate (requestAnimationFrame (animate);
mesh.rotation .y = scrollY * 0.001 ;
camera.position .y = -(scrollY / window .innerHeight ) * 10 ;
renderer.render (scene, camera);
}
Advanced scroll libraries:
ScrollTrigger (GSAP plugin)
Locomotive Scroll
Lenis smooth scroll
Performance Optimization in Production
const lod = new THREE .LOD ();
lod.addLevel (highDetailMesh, 0 );
lod.addLevel (mediumDetailMesh, 10 );
lod.addLevel (lowDetailMesh, 50 );
scene.add (lod);
const geometry = new THREE .BoxGeometry ();
const material = new THREE .MeshStandardMaterial ();
const instancedMesh = new THREE .InstancedMesh (geometry, material, 1000 );
const matrix = new THREE .Matrix4 ();
for (let i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i++) {
matrix.setPosition (
Math .random () * 100 ,
Math .random () * 100 ,
Math .random () * 100 ,
);
instancedMesh.setMatrixAt (i, matrix);
}
Modern Loading Patterns
import { GLTFLoader } from "three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader" ;
const loader = new GLTFLoader ();
loader.load ("model.gltf" , (gltf ) => {
scene.add (gltf.scene );
gltf.scene .traverse ((child ) => {
if (child.isMesh ) {
child.castShadow = true ;
child.receiveShadow = true ;
}
});
});
When to Use What
Quick prototypes and demos
Educational content
Artifacts and embedded experiences
No build step required
Production Build Approach:
Client projects and portfolios
Complex applications
Performance-critical applications
Team collaboration with version control
Recommended Production Stack Three.js r183 + Vite
├── GSAP (animations)
├── React Three Fiber (optional - React integration)
├── Drei (helper components)
├── Leva (debug GUI)
└── Post-processing effects
Connections
Domain: [[Design & Kreativitaet]]Kategorie: [[3D & Animation]]Navigation: [[Skills Uebersicht]], [[Home]] 