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Guide teams through MITRE's Problem Framing Canvas. Use when you need a clearer problem statement before jumping to solutions.
intent
Guide product managers through the MITRE Problem Framing Canvas process by asking structured questions across three phases: Look Inward (examine your own assumptions and biases), Look Outward (understand who experiences the problem and who doesn't), and Reframe (synthesize insights into an actionable problem statement and "How Might We" question). Use this to ensure you're solving the right problem before jumping to solutions—avoiding confirmation bias, overlooked stakeholders, and solution-first thinking.
type
interactive
best_for
["Clarifying a messy problem before solutioning","Surfacing assumptions and overlooked stakeholders","Creating a bias-resistant problem statement in a workshop"]
scenarios
["Run a Problem Framing Canvas for our mobile retention issue","Help me reframe this stakeholder request before we build anything","We need a clearer problem statement for onboarding drop-off"]
theme
discovery-research
estimated_time
30-45 min
Purpose
Guide product managers through the MITRE Problem Framing Canvas process by asking structured questions across three phases: Look Inward (examine your own assumptions and biases), Look Outward (understand who experiences the problem and who doesn't), and Reframe (synthesize insights into an actionable problem statement and "How Might We" question). Use this to ensure you're solving the right problem before jumping to solutions—avoiding confirmation bias, overlooked stakeholders, and solution-first thinking.
This is not a solution brainstorm—it's a problem framing tool that broadens perspective, challenges assumptions, and produces a clear, equity-driven problem statement.
Input
Works best with: The problem area — however roughly you currently understand it.
Also useful: Who you believe experiences it, evidence so far, and the solution everyone is already anchored on (naming it helps the canvas de-bias it).
Anything supplied with the invocation itself — text after the skill name, a pasted context dump, or an appended ARGUMENTS: line — counts as answers already given. Use it and skip whatever it covers; don't re-ask.
Arriving empty-handed? That works too. The skill opens with the Look Inward phase: what do you assume about this problem?
Example invocation:Frame this problem: field sales reps 'don't use the CRM' and leadership wants gamification.
Key Concepts
What is the MITRE Problem Framing Canvas?
The Problem Framing Canvas (MITRE Innovation Toolkit, v3) is a structured framework that helps teams explore a problem space comprehensively before proposing solutions. It's partitioned into three areas:
Look Inward — Examine your own assumptions, biases, and how you might be part of the problem
Look Outward — Understand who experiences the problem, who benefits from it, and who's been left out
Reframe — Synthesize insights into a clear, actionable problem statement and "How Might We" question
Canvas Structure
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ LOOK INWARD │
│ - What is the problem? (symptoms) │
│ - Why haven't we solved it? (new, hard, low priority, etc.) │
│ - How are we part of the problem? (assumptions, biases) │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ LOOK OUTWARD │
│ - Who experiences the problem? When/where/consequences? │
│ - Who else has it? Who doesn't have it? │
│ - Who's been left out? │
│ - Who benefits when problem exists/doesn't exist? │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ REFRAME │
│ - Stated another way, the problem is: [restatement] │
│ - How might we [action] as we aim to [objective]? │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Why This Works
Broadens perspective: Forces you to look beyond your own assumptions
Equity-driven: Centers marginalized voices and asks "who's been left out?"
Challenges biases: Requires explicit examination of assumptions before framing problem
Actionable output: Produces HMW statement ready for solution exploration
Anti-Patterns (What This Is NOT)
Not a solution brainstorm: Canvas frames the problem; solutions come later
Not a feature request list: Focuses on underlying problems, not surface symptoms
Not a one-person exercise: Requires diverse perspectives to challenge groupthink
When to Use This
Starting discovery for a new initiative
Reframing an existing problem (suspect you're solving the wrong thing)
Challenging assumptions before building solutions
Aligning cross-functional teams on problem definition
When NOT to Use This
When the problem is already well-understood and validated
For tactical bug fixes or technical debt (no deep framing needed)
When stakeholders have already committed to a solution (address alignment first)
Adaptation: Use personas from context (proto-personas, JTBD, customer research)
User response: [Detailed description]
Agent captures:
Who experiences it: [Personas/segments]
When/where: [Context]
Consequences: [Impact]
Question 5: Who else has this problem? Who doesn't have it?
Agent asks:
"Who else has this problem? (Colleagues, competitors, other domains?) And who doesn't have it?"
Agent prompts:
Who else has it: Other companies, industries, or domains with similar problems
How do they deal with it: Workarounds, solutions, or adaptations
Who doesn't have it: Users/companies that avoid the problem (what's different about them?)
User response: [Detailed description]
Agent captures:
Who else has it: [Examples]
Who doesn't have it: [Counter-examples]
Question 6: Who's been left out? Who benefits?
Agent asks:
"Who's been left out of the conversation so far? And who benefits when this problem exists or doesn't exist?"
Agent prompts:
Who's been left out: Marginalized voices, edge cases, overlooked stakeholders
Who benefits when problem exists: Who gains from the status quo?
Who benefits when problem doesn't exist: Who loses if problem is solved?
Example:
"Who benefits when onboarding is broken?" → "Sales team doesn't have to support complex workflows; engineering doesn't have to build guided flows"
"Who's been left out?" → "Non-technical users, international customers (onboarding in English only)"
User response: [Detailed description]
Agent captures:
Who's been left out: [List]
Who benefits (problem exists): [List]
Who benefits (problem solved): [List]
Phase 3: Reframe
Goal: Synthesize insights into a clear, actionable problem statement and "How Might We" question.
Question 7: Restate the problem
Agent says:
"Based on everything we've explored, let's restate the problem in a new way."
Agent generates a refined problem statement using insights from Phases 1-2:
Template:
"The problem is: [Who] struggles to [accomplish what] because [root cause], which leads to [consequence]. This affects [specific segments] and has been overlooked because [bias/assumption from Phase 1]."
Example (SaaS onboarding):
"The problem is: Non-technical small business owners struggle to activate our product during onboarding because we use jargon-heavy UI and lack guided workflows, which leads to 60% abandonment within 24 hours. This disproportionately affects solopreneurs without technical support, and has been overlooked because our team optimizes for enterprise users who have IT departments."
Agent asks:
"Does this restatement capture the core problem? Should we refine it?"
User response: [Approve or modify]
Question 8: Create "How Might We" statement
Agent says:
"Now let's make it actionable with a 'How Might We' statement."
Template:
"How might we [action that addresses the problem] as we aim to [objective/desired condition]?"
Example (SaaS onboarding):
"How might we guide non-technical users through onboarding with plain-language prompts as we aim to increase activation from 40% to 70%?"
Agent asks:
"Does this HMW statement set up the right solution space? Should we adjust?"
User response: [Approve or modify]
Output: Problem Framing Canvas + HMW Statement
After completing the flow, the agent outputs:
# Problem Framing Canvas: [Problem Name]**Date:** [Today's date]
---
## Phase 1: Look Inward### What is the problem? (Symptoms)
[Description from Q1]
### Why haven't we solved it?- [Barrier 1 from Q2]
- [Barrier 2]
- [Barrier 3]
### How are we part of the problem? (Assumptions & biases)- [Assumption 1 from Q3]
- [Assumption 2]
- [Assumption 3]
**Which of these might be redesigned, reframed, or removed?**
[Reflection on biases to challenge]
---
## Phase 2: Look Outward### Who experiences the problem?**Who:** [Personas/segments from Q4]
**When/Where:** [Context]
**Consequences:** [Impact on users]
**Lived experience varies:** [How different users experience it differently]
### Who else has this problem?**Who else:** [Examples from Q5]
**How they deal with it:** [Workarounds]
### Who doesn't have it?
[Counter-examples from Q5]
### Who's been left out?
[Marginalized voices from Q6]
### Who benefits?**When problem exists:** [Beneficiaries of status quo]
**When problem doesn't exist:** [Who loses if solved]
---
## Phase 3: Reframe### Stated another way, the problem is:
[Refined problem statement from Q7]
### How Might We...**How might we** [action from Q8] **as we aim to** [objective from Q8]?
---
## Next Steps1.**Validate with users:** Use `skills/discovery-interview-prep/SKILL.md` to test reframed problem with customers
2.**Generate solutions:** Use `skills/opportunity-solution-tree/SKILL.md` to explore solution space
3.**Create problem statement:** Use `skills/problem-statement/SKILL.md` to formalize for PRD/roadmap
4.**Identify opportunities:** Use HMW statement to brainstorm solution ideas
---
**Ready to explore solutions? Let me know if you'd like to refine the problem framing or move to solution generation.**
Examples
See examples/sample.md for full problem framing examples.
Mini example excerpt:
**Look Inward:** Churn spiked after onboarding change
**Look Outward:** New SMB users are most affected
**Reframe:** How might we reduce onboarding friction for first-time users?
