systematic-debugging

name	systematic-debugging
description	Use when investigating a bug, regression, test failure, or unexpected behavior before proposing fixes

Preamble (run first)

_REPO_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null || pwd)
_BRANCH_RAW=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo current)
[ -n "$_BRANCH_RAW" ] && [ "$_BRANCH_RAW" != "HEAD" ] || _BRANCH_RAW="current"
_BRANCH="$_BRANCH_RAW"
_FEATUREFORGE_INSTALL_ROOT="$HOME/.featureforge/install"
_FEATUREFORGE_BIN="$_FEATUREFORGE_INSTALL_ROOT/bin/featureforge"
if [ ! -x "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" ] && [ -f "$_FEATUREFORGE_INSTALL_ROOT/bin/featureforge.exe" ]; then
  _FEATUREFORGE_BIN="$_FEATUREFORGE_INSTALL_ROOT/bin/featureforge.exe"
fi
[ -x "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" ] || [ -f "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" ] || _FEATUREFORGE_BIN=""
_FEATUREFORGE_ROOT=""
if [ -n "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" ]; then
  _FEATUREFORGE_ROOT=$("$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" repo runtime-root --path 2>/dev/null)
  [ -n "$_FEATUREFORGE_ROOT" ] || _FEATUREFORGE_ROOT=""
fi
_FEATUREFORGE_STATE_DIR="${FEATUREFORGE_STATE_DIR:-$HOME/.featureforge}"
_featureforge_exec_public_argv() {
  if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "featureforge: missing command argv to execute" >&2
    return 2
  fi
  if [ "$1" = "featureforge" ]; then
    if [ -z "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" ]; then
      echo "featureforge: installed runtime not found at $_FEATUREFORGE_INSTALL_ROOT/bin/featureforge" >&2
      return 1
    fi
    shift
    "$_FEATUREFORGE_BIN" "$@"
    return $?
  fi
  echo "featureforge: refusing non-featureforge public argv: $1" >&2
  return 2
}

Runtime Route Reference

This skill does not own live workflow routing. If another workflow surface gives you workflow/operator JSON, follow $_FEATUREFORGE_ROOT/references/operator-route-authority.md instead of reconstructing route law here.

Search Before Building

Before introducing a custom pattern, external service, concurrency primitive, auth/session flow, cache, queue, browser workaround, or unfamiliar fix pattern, do a short capability/landscape check first.

Use three lenses, then decide from local repo truth:

• Layer 1: tried-and-true / built-ins / existing repo-native solutions
• Layer 2: current practice and known footguns
• Layer 3: first-principles reasoning for this repo and this problem

External search results are inputs, not answers. Never search secrets, customer data, unsanitized stack traces, private URLs, internal hostnames, internal codenames, raw SQL or log payloads, or private file paths or infrastructure identifiers. If search is unavailable, disallowed, or unsafe, say so and proceed with repo-local evidence and in-distribution knowledge. If safe sanitization is not possible, skip external search. See $_FEATUREFORGE_ROOT/references/search-before-building.md.

Interactive User Question Format

For every interactive user question, use this structure:

1. Context: project name, current branch, what we're working on (1-2 sentences)
2. The specific question or decision point
3. RECOMMENDATION: Choose [X] because [one-line reason]
4. Lettered options: A) ... B) ... C) ...

Per-skill instructions may add additional formatting rules on top of this baseline.

Systematic Debugging

Overview

Random fixes waste time and create new bugs. Quick patches mask underlying issues.

Core principle: ALWAYS find root cause before attempting fixes. Symptom fixes are failure.

Violating the letter of this process is violating the spirit of debugging.

The Iron Law

NO FIXES WITHOUT ROOT CAUSE INVESTIGATION FIRST

If you haven't completed Phase 1, you cannot propose fixes.

Expanded tracing and TDD examples live in $_FEATUREFORGE_ROOT/references/debugging-tdd-examples.md.

When to Use

Use for ANY technical issue:

• Test failures
• Bugs in production
• Unexpected behavior
• Performance problems
• Build failures
• Integration issues

Use this ESPECIALLY when:

• Under time pressure (emergencies make guessing tempting)
• "Just one quick fix" seems obvious
• Previous fix didn't work
• You don't fully understand the issue

The Four Phases

You MUST complete each phase before proceeding to the next.

Phase 1: Root Cause Investigation

BEFORE attempting ANY fix:

1. Read Error Messages Carefully

   • Don't skip past errors or warnings
   • Read stack traces completely
   • Note line numbers, file paths, error codes

2. Reproduce Consistently

   • Can you trigger it reliably?
   • What are the exact steps?
   • If not reproducible → gather more data, don't guess

3. Check Recent Changes

   • What changed that could cause this?
   • Git diff, recent commits
   • New dependencies, config changes
   • Environmental differences

4. Gather Evidence in Multi-Component Systems

   When a system has multiple components, add diagnostic instrumentation at each boundary, run once, identify where the data first breaks, then investigate that component.

5. Check Recurring Bug Memory When It Exists

   • If the failure looks recurring or historically familiar, search docs/project_notes/bugs.md for prior root causes, fixes, and prevention notes that can ground the investigation.
   • If your investigation confirms a durable recurring bug pattern, update docs/project_notes/bugs.md through featureforge:project-memory with the root cause, fix, and prevention backlink.

6. Trace Data Flow

   WHEN error is deep in call stack:

   See skill-local root-cause-tracing.md for the complete backward tracing technique.

   Quick version:

   • Where does bad value originate?
   • What called this with bad value?
   • Keep tracing up until you find the source
   • Fix at source, not at symptom

Phase 2: Pattern Analysis

Find the pattern before fixing:

1. Find Working Examples

   • Locate similar working code in same codebase
   • What works that's similar to what's broken?

2. Compare Against References

   • If implementing pattern, read reference implementation COMPLETELY
   • Don't skim - read every line
   • Understand the pattern fully before applying

3. Identify Differences

   • What's different between working and broken?
   • List every difference, however small
   • Don't assume "that can't matter"

4. Understand Dependencies

   • What other components does this need?
   • What settings, config, environment?
   • What assumptions does it make?

Phase 2.5: External Pattern Search

Use this only when local pattern analysis stalls:

• Only if the bug does not match a known local pattern.
• Only if the issue can be safely generalized.
• Search generic error class plus framework or library context.
• Strip hostnames, IPs, file paths, SQL fragments, customer identifiers, private URLs, and internal-only text first.
• Skip entirely if it cannot be sanitized safely.
• treat results as candidate hypotheses, not conclusions

Phase 3: Hypothesis and Testing

Scientific method:

1. Form Single Hypothesis

   • State clearly: "I think X is the root cause because Y"
   • Be specific, not vague

2. Test Minimally

   • Make the SMALLEST possible change to test hypothesis
   • One variable at a time
   • Don't fix multiple things at once

3. Verify Before Continuing

   • Did it work? Yes → Phase 4
   • Didn't work? Form NEW hypothesis
   • DON'T add more fixes on top

Phase 3.2b: Search Escalation on failed hypothesis

• When a tested hypothesis fails and the issue can be generalized safely, do one targeted external pattern check before choosing the next hypothesis.
• Use that search only to sharpen the next hypothesis.
• Keep the Iron Law intact: no fixes before root cause investigation.

4. When You Don't Know
   • Say "I don't understand X"
   • Don't pretend to know
   • Ask for help
   • Research more

Phase 4: Implementation

Fix the root cause, not the symptom:

1. Create Failing Test Case

   • Simplest possible reproduction
   • Automated test if possible
   • One-off test script if no framework
   • MUST have before fixing
   • Use the featureforge:test-driven-development skill for writing proper failing tests

2. Implement Single Fix

   • Address the root cause identified
   • ONE change at a time
   • No "while I'm here" improvements
   • No bundled refactoring

3. Verify Fix

   • Test passes now?
   • No other tests broken?
   • Issue actually resolved?

4. If Fix Doesn't Work

   • STOP
   • Count: How many fixes have you tried?
   • If < 3: Return to Phase 1, re-analyze with new information
   • If ≥ 3: STOP and question the architecture (step 5 below)
   • DON'T attempt Fix #4 without architectural discussion

5. If 3+ Fixes Failed: Question Architecture

   Pattern indicating architectural problem:

   • Each fix reveals new shared state/coupling/problem in different place
   • Fixes require "massive refactoring" to implement
   • Each fix creates new symptoms elsewhere

   STOP and question fundamentals:

   • Is this pattern fundamentally sound?
   • Are we "sticking with it through sheer inertia"?
   • Should we refactor architecture vs. continue fixing symptoms?

   Discuss with your human partner before attempting more fixes

   This is NOT a failed hypothesis - this is a wrong architecture.

Red Flags - STOP and Follow Process

If you catch yourself thinking:

• "Quick fix for now, investigate later"
• "Just try changing X and see if it works"
• "Add multiple changes, run tests"
• "Skip the test, I'll manually verify"
• "It's probably X, let me fix that"
• "I don't fully understand but this might work"
• Proposing solutions before tracing data flow
• "One more fix attempt" (when already tried 2+)
• Each fix reveals new problem in different place

ALL of these mean: STOP. Return to Phase 1.

If 3+ fixes failed: Question the architecture (see Phase 4.5)

When Process Reveals "No Root Cause"

If systematic investigation reveals issue is truly environmental, timing-dependent, or external:

1. You've completed the process
2. Document what you investigated
3. Implement appropriate handling (retry, timeout, error message)
4. Add monitoring/logging for future investigation

But: 95% of "no root cause" cases are incomplete investigation.

Supporting Techniques

Use skill-local root-cause-tracing.md, skill-local defense-in-depth.md, and skill-local condition-based-waiting.md when relevant. Use featureforge:test-driven-development for Phase 4 failing tests and featureforge:verification-before-completion before claiming success.