pat-expiration-silent

name	pat-expiration-silent
description	Personal Access Token expiration fails silently — 401 errors with no expiry message, pre-check pattern
lastReviewed	2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z

PAT Expiration Silent Failure

Category: Windows / Node.js Time Saved: 30 minutes debugging publish failures Battle-tested: Yes — VS Code Marketplace publishing

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The Problem

You run vsce publish or npm publish and it fails with a 401 error. Your VSCE_PAT or NPM_TOKEN environment variable is set. You just used it last week. What changed?

Why It Happens

Personal Access Tokens (PATs) have expiration dates. When they expire:

• The environment variable still exists
• Preflight checks that look for "is variable set?" pass
• The actual API call fails with 401 Unauthorized
• Error messages often don't say "token expired"

The Rule

Token existence ≠ token validity. The 401 at publish time is the first signal that your PAT expired.

Common Tokens and Their Lifespans

Token	Max Lifespan	Typical Setting
Azure DevOps PAT	1 year	90 days default
GitHub PAT (classic)	No expiry option	30-90 days recommended
GitHub PAT (fine-grained)	1 year max	Organization policy
npm token	No expiry	Until revoked

Detection Pattern

When you see a 401 during publish:

Step 1: Identify the Token

# Check which token is being used
echo $env:VSCE_PAT  # For VS Code Marketplace
echo $env:NPM_TOKEN  # For npm
echo $env:GH_TOKEN   # For GitHub CLI

Step 2: Check Token Portal

Service	Token Management URL
Azure DevOps	https://dev.azure.com/{org}/_usersSettings/tokens
GitHub	https://github.com/settings/tokens
npm	https://www.npmjs.com/settings/~/tokens

Step 3: Regenerate and Update

# After creating new token, update env var
$env:VSCE_PAT = "new-token-value"

# Or set permanently
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("VSCE_PAT", "new-token-value", "User")

# Restart terminal to pick up changes

Prevention: Calendar Reminders

Set calendar reminders before token expiry:

Token: VSCE_PAT
Created: 2026-01-15
Expires: 2026-04-15
Reminder: 2026-04-01 (2 weeks before)

Token Scope Requirements

VS Code Marketplace (VSCE)

Required scopes for Azure DevOps PAT:

• Marketplace: Manage (or Publish)
• Organization: All accessible organizations (or specific)

npm

Required scope:

• Automation (for CI/CD) or Publish (for interactive)

GitHub Packages

Required scopes:

• write:packages
• read:packages
• delete:packages (if needed)

CI/CD Secret Rotation

For GitHub Actions secrets:

# .github/workflows/publish.yml
env:
  VSCE_PAT: ${{ secrets.VSCE_PAT }}  # Update this secret when token rotates

Reminder: When you rotate a token, update:

1. Local environment variable
2. CI/CD secrets (GitHub, Azure DevOps, etc.)
3. Any shared credential stores

Verification Checklist

• Check token expiration date in portal
• Set calendar reminder 2 weeks before expiry
• Update token in all locations when rotating
• Document which services use which tokens
• Test publish in dev environment after rotation

Common Symptoms

• 401 Unauthorized during vsce publish
• 401 during npm publish
• "Authentication failed" with no further details
• Worked last month, fails now (no code changes)

Preflight Script Idea

// Add to your publish script
const { execSync } = require('child_process');

function checkVscePat() {
  const pat = process.env.VSCE_PAT;
  if (!pat) {
    console.error('VSCE_PAT not set');
    process.exit(1);
  }
  
  // PAT format: base64 encoded, typically 52+ chars
  if (pat.length < 50) {
    console.warn('VSCE_PAT looks short - might be truncated or invalid');
  }
  
  // Can't validate expiry without API call, but can warn
  console.log('VSCE_PAT is set. If publish fails with 401, check token expiry.');
}

Related Skills

• node-winget-collision — Windows Node.js issues