horse-websocket

name	horse-websocket
description	Guidelines and workflows for developing and maintaining WebSocket endpoints and protocol upgrades within the Horse framework.

Horse WebSocket Coding Skill

This skill provides guidelines and patterns for developers and AI agents implementing, debugging, or maintaining WebSocket endpoints in the Horse framework.

🟢 Request Upgrade Pattern

To upgrade an HTTP request to a WebSocket connection, always call Res.UpgradeToWebSocket(AOnConnectCallback) inside the route handler.

Delphi Syntax (Anonymous Procedure / Closure)

THorse.Get('/ws',
  procedure(Req: THorseRequest; Res: THorseResponse)
  begin
    Res.UpgradeToWebSocket(
      procedure(const AConn: IHorseWebSocketConnection)
      begin
        AConn.OnMessage := procedure(const AConnection: IHorseWebSocketConnection; const AText: string)
        begin
          AConnection.SendText('Received: ' + AText);
        end;
      end);
  end);

Lazarus/FPC Syntax (Object Methods)

Always use regular object methods or class procedures for callbacks in Lazarus/FPC to ensure compatibility:

type
  TWebSocketController = class
  public
    class procedure HandleWS(Req: THorseRequest; Res: THorseResponse);
    class procedure OnConnect(const AConn: IHorseWebSocketConnection);
    class procedure OnMessage(const AConnection: IHorseWebSocketConnection; const AText: string);
  end;

class procedure TWebSocketController.HandleWS(Req: THorseRequest; Res: THorseResponse);
begin
  Res.UpgradeToWebSocket(OnConnect);
end;

class procedure TWebSocketController.OnConnect(const AConn: IConn);
begin
  AConn.OnMessage := OnMessage;
end;

class procedure TWebSocketController.OnMessage(const AConnection: IHorseWebSocketConnection; const AText: string);
begin
  AConnection.SendText('Received: ' + AText);
end;

🟢 Broadcasts and Session Management

Use THorseWebSocketManager for thread-safe operations across multiple connections.

• Broadcast to all: THorseWebSocketManager.Broadcast('/ws', 'Hello all!');
• Broadcast excluding sender: THorseWebSocketManager.Broadcast('/ws', 'Hello others!', AConnection);

🟢 Error and Exception Handling

• Silencing normal interruptions: Normal connection validation errors or manual status sends followed by pipeline interruption should raise EHorseCallbackInterrupted (from unit Horse.Exception.Interrupted) to gracefully exit the middleware pipeline.
• Callback Safety: Always place try-except blocks inside custom event handlers (like OnMessage) to prevent crashes inside the worker socket threads.
• Fail-Fast Detection: If a client requests a WebSocket upgrade on an unsupported provider (e.g. HttpSys or hosted ISAPI/CGI), Res.UpgradeToWebSocket will automatically reply with 501 Not Implemented and raise EHorseCallbackInterrupted.

🟢 Thread-Safety Rules

1. IHorseWebSocketConnection.SendText and SendBinary are thread-safe and protected by an internal TCriticalSection. Do not add manual synchronization wrappers around them.
2. The HTTP request/response objects (THorseRequest, THorseResponse) are recycled/destroyed once the upgrade is completed. Do not store or reference them inside any of the WebSocket callbacks (OnMessage, OnDisconnect, etc.). Use the IHorseWebSocketConnection context instead.