| name | architecture-feature-first |
| description | Structures Flutter apps using layered architecture (UI / Logic / Data) with feature-first file organization. Use when creating new features, designing the project structure, adding repositories/services/view models (or cubits/providers/notifiers), or wiring dependency injection. State management agnostic. |
Flutter Architecture — Feature-First Skill
This skill defines how to design, structure, and implement Flutter applications using the recommended layered architecture with feature-first file organization.
It is state management agnostic: the business logic holder in the UI layer may be named ViewModel, Controller, Cubit, Bloc, Provider, or Notifier — depending on the chosen state management approach. The architectural rules apply equally to all of them.
When to Use
Use this skill when:
- Designing the folder/file structure of a new Flutter app or feature.
- Creating a new View, ViewModel, Repository, or Service.
- Deciding which layer owns a piece of logic.
- Wiring dependency injection between components.
- Adding a domain (logic) layer for complex business logic.
1. Layers
Separate every app into a UI Layer and a Data Layer. Add a Logic (Domain) Layer between them only for complex apps.
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ UI Layer │ Views + business logic holders │
│ │ (ViewModel / Cubit / Controller / Provider) │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Logic Layer │ Use Cases / Interactors (optional) │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Data Layer │ Repositories + Services │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Rules:
- Only adjacent layers may communicate. The UI layer must never access a Service directly.
- The Logic layer is added only when business logic is too complex for the business logic holder or is reused across multiple screens.
- Data changes always happen in the Data layer (SSOT = Repository). No mutation in UI or Logic layers.
- Follow unidirectional data flow: state flows down (Data → UI), events flow up (UI → Data).
2. Feature-First File Structure
Organize code by feature, not by type. Group all layers belonging to one feature together in a single directory.
Each feature directory contains the files needed for that feature, named according to the chosen state management approach:
| Approach | Business logic holder file |
|---|
| MVVM / ChangeNotifier | *_viewmodel.dart / *_controller.dart |
| BLoC | *_cubit.dart / *_bloc.dart |
| Provider / Riverpod | *_provider.dart / *_notifier.dart |
Example: an auth feature would have files like auth_viewmodel.dart (or auth_cubit.dart, auth_provider.dart depending on approach), login_screen.dart, and optionally login_usecase.dart.
3. Component Responsibilities
View
- Describes how to present data to the user; keep logic minimal and only UI-related.
- Passes events to the business logic holder in response to user interactions.
- Keep views focused on presentation; extract reusable widgets into separate components.
- Use
StatelessWidget when possible; keep build methods simple.
Business Logic Holder (ViewModel / Cubit / Controller / Provider)
- Contains logic to convert app data into UI state and maintains current state needed by the view.
- Exposes callbacks (commands) to the View and retrieves/transforms data from repositories.
- Business logic must not live in UI widgets; only interact with repositories via the business logic holder.
Repository
- Single Source of Truth (SSOT) for a given type of model data.
- The only class allowed to mutate its data; all other classes read from it.
- Handles business logic such as caching, error handling, and refreshing data.
- Transforms raw data from services into domain models consumed by business logic holders.
Service
- Wraps API endpoints and exposes asynchronous response objects.
- Isolates data-loading and holds no state.
4. Domain Layer (Use Cases)
Introduce use cases/interactors only when:
- Logic is complex or does not fit cleanly in the UI or Data layers.
- Logic is reused across multiple business logic holders or merges data from multiple repositories.
Do not add a domain layer for simple CRUD apps.
5. Dependency Injection
Use dependency injection to provide components with their dependencies, enabling testability and flexibility.
- Supply repositories to business logic holders via constructors.
- Supply services to repositories via constructors.
- Design all components with well-defined interfaces so implementations can be swapped without changing consumers.
References
