azure-identity-java

# Azure Identity (Java) Authenticate Java applications with Azure services using Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD). ## Installation ```xml <dependency> <groupId>com.azure</groupId> <artifactId>azure-identity</artifactId> <version>1.15.0</version> </dependency> ``` ## Key Concepts | Credential | Use Case | |------------|----------| | `DefaultAzureCredential` | **Recommended** - Works in dev and production | | `ManagedIdentityCredential` | Azure-hosted apps (App Service, Functions, VMs) | | `EnvironmentCredential` | CI/CD pipelines with env vars | | `ClientSecretCredential` | Service principals with secret | | `ClientCertificateCredential` | Service principals with certificate | | `AzureCliCredential` | Local dev using `az login` | | `InteractiveBrowserCredential` | Interactive login flow | | `DeviceCodeCredential` | Headless device authentication | ## DefaultAzureCredential (Recommended) The `DefaultAzureCredential` tries multiple authentication methods in order: 1. Environment variables 2. Workload Identity 3. Managed Identity 4. Azure CLI 5. Azure PowerShell 6. Azure Developer CLI ```java import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredential; import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder; // Simple usage DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build(); // Use with any Azure client BlobServiceClient blobClient = new BlobServiceClientBuilder() .endpoint("https://<storage-account>.blob.core.windows.net") .credential(credential) .buildClient(); KeyClient keyClient = new KeyClientBuilder() .vaultUrl("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net") .credential(credential) .buildClient(); ``` ### Configure DefaultAzureCredential ```java DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder() .managedIdentityClientId("<user-assigned-identity-client-id>") // For user-assigned MI .tenantId("<tenant-id>") // Limit to specific tenant .excludeEnvironmentCredential() // Skip env vars .excludeAzureCliCredential() // Skip Azure CLI .build(); ``` ## Managed Identity For Azure-hosted applications (App Service, Functions, AKS, VMs). ```java import com.azure.identity.ManagedIdentityCredential; import com.azure.identity.ManagedIdentityCredentialBuilder; // System-assigned managed identity ManagedIdentityCredential credential = new ManagedIdentityCredentialBuilder() .build(); // User-assigned managed identity (by client ID) ManagedIdentityCredential credential = new ManagedIdentityCredentialBuilder() .clientId("<user-assigned-client-id>") .build(); // User-assigned managed identity (by resource ID) ManagedIdentityCredential credential = new ManagedIdentityCredentialBuilder() .resourceId("/subscriptions/<sub>/resourceGroups/<rg>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<name>") .build(); ``` ## Service Principal with Secret ```java import com.azure.identity.ClientSecretCredential; import com.azure.identity.ClientSecretCredentialBuilder; ClientSecretCredential credential = new ClientSecretCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") .clientId("<client-id>") .clientSecret("<client-secret>") .build(); ``` ## Service Principal with Certificate ```java import com.azure.identity.ClientCertificateCredential; import com.azure.identity.ClientCertificateCredentialBuilder; // From PEM file ClientCertificateCredential credential = new ClientCertificateCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") .clientId("<client-id>") .pemCertificate("<path-to-cert.pem>") .build(); // From PFX file with password ClientCertificateCredential credential = new ClientCertificateCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") .clientId("<client-id>") .pfxCertificate("<path-to-cert.pfx>", "<pfx-password>") .build(); // Send certificate chain for SNI ClientCertificateCredential credential = new ClientCertificateCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") .clientId("<client-id>") .pemCertificate("<path-to-cert.pem>") .sendCertificateChain(true) .build(); ``` ## Environment Credential Reads credentials from environment variables. ```java import com.azure.identity.EnvironmentCredential; import com.azure.identity.EnvironmentCredentialBuilder; EnvironmentCredential credential = new EnvironmentCredentialBuilder().build(); ``` ### Required Environment Variables **For service principal with secret:** ```bash AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id> AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id> AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<client-secret> ``` **For service principal with certificate:** ```bash AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id> AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id> AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PATH=/path/to/cert.pem AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD=<optional-password> ``` **For username/password:** ```bash AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id> AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id> AZURE_USERNAME=<username> AZURE_PASSWORD=<password> ``` ## Azure CLI Credential For local development using `az login`. ```java import com.azure.identity.AzureCliCredential; import com.azure.identity.AzureCliCredentialBuilder; AzureCliCredential credential = new AzureCliCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") // Optional: specific tenant .build(); ``` ## Interactive Browser For desktop applications requiring user login. ```java import com.azure.identity.InteractiveBrowserCredential; import com.azure.identity.InteractiveBrowserCredentialBuilder; InteractiveBrowserCredential credential = new InteractiveBrowserCredentialBuilder() .clientId("<client-id>") .redirectUrl("http://localhost:8080") // Must match app registration .build(); ``` ## Device Code For headless devices (IoT, CLI tools). ```java import com.azure.identity.DeviceCodeCredential; import com.azure.identity.DeviceCodeCredentialBuilder; DeviceCodeCredential credential = new DeviceCodeCredentialBuilder() .clientId("<client-id>") .challengeConsumer(challenge -> { // Display to user System.out.println(challenge.getMessage()); }) .build(); ``` ## Chained Credential Create custom authentication chains. ```java import com.azure.identity.ChainedTokenCredential; import com.azure.identity.ChainedTokenCredentialBuilder; ChainedTokenCredential credential = new ChainedTokenCredentialBuilder() .addFirst(new ManagedIdentityCredentialBuilder().build()) .addLast(new AzureCliCredentialBuilder().build()) .build(); ``` ## Workload Identity (AKS) For Azure Kubernetes Service with workload identity. ```java import com.azure.identity.WorkloadIdentityCredential; import com.azure.identity.WorkloadIdentityCredentialBuilder; // Reads from AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_FEDERATED_TOKEN_FILE WorkloadIdentityCredential credential = new WorkloadIdentityCredentialBuilder().build(); // Or explicit configuration WorkloadIdentityCredential credential = new WorkloadIdentityCredentialBuilder() .tenantId("<tenant-id>") .clientId("<client-id>") .tokenFilePath("/var/run/secrets/azure/tokens/azure-identity-token") .build(); ``` ## Token Caching Enable persistent token caching for better performance. ```java // Enable token caching (in-memory by default) DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder() .enableAccountIdentifierLogging() .build(); // With shared token cache (for multi-credential scenarios) SharedTokenCacheCredential credential = new SharedTokenCacheCredentialBuilder() .clientId("<client-id>") .build(); ``` ## Sovereign Clouds ```java import com.azure.identity.AzureAuthorityHosts; // Azure Government DefaultAzureCredential govCredential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder() .authorityHost(AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_GOVERNMENT) .build(); // Azure China DefaultAzureCredential chinaCredential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder() .authorityHost(AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA) .build(); ``` ## Error Handling ```java import com.azure.identity.CredentialUnavailableException; import com.azure.core.exception.ClientAuthenticationException; try { DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build(); AccessToken token = credential.getToken(new TokenRequestContext() .addScopes("https://management.azure.com/.default")); } catch (CredentialUnavailableException e) { // No credential could authenticate System.out.println("Authentication failed: " + e.getMessage()); } catch (ClientAuthenticationException e) { // Authentication error (wrong credentials, expired, etc.) System.out.println("Auth error: " + e.getMessage()); } ``` ## Logging Enable authentication logging for debugging. ```java // Via environment variable // AZURE_LOG_LEVEL=verbose // Or programmatically DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder() .enableAccountIdentifierLogging() // Log account info .build(); ``` ## Environment Variables ```bash # DefaultAzureCredential configuration AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id> AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id> AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<client-secret> # Managed Identity AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<user-assigned-mi-client-id> # Workload Identity (AKS) AZURE_FEDERATED_TOKEN_FILE=/var/run/secrets/azure/tokens/azure-identity-token # Logging AZURE_LOG_LEVEL=verbose # Authority host AZURE_AUTHORITY_HOST=https://login.microsoftonline.com/ ``` ## Best Practices 1. **Use DefaultAzureCredential** - Works seamlessly from dev to production 2. **Managed Identity in Production** - No secrets to manage, automatic rotation 3. **Azure CLI for Local Dev** - Run `az login` before running your app 4. **Least Privilege** - Grant only required permissions to service principals 5. **Token Caching** - Enabled by default, reduces auth round-trips 6. **Environment Variables** - Use for CI/CD, not hardcoded secrets ## Credential Selection Matrix | Environment | Recommended Credential | |-------------|----------------------| | Local Development | `DefaultAzureCredential` (uses Azure CLI) | | Azure App Service | `DefaultAzureCredential` (uses Managed Identity) | | Azure Functions | `DefaultAzureCredential` (uses Managed Identity) | | Azure Kubernetes Service | `WorkloadIdentityCredential` | | Azure VMs | `DefaultAzureCredential` (uses Managed Identity) | | CI/CD Pipeline | `EnvironmentCredential` | | Desktop App | `InteractiveBrowserCredential` | | CLI Tool | `DeviceCodeCredential` | ## Trigger Phrases - "Azure authentication Java", "DefaultAzureCredential Java" - "managed identity Java", "service principal Java" - "Azure login Java", "Azure credentials Java" - "AZURE_CLIENT_ID", "AZURE_TENANT_ID" ## When to Use Azure Identity Java SDK for authentication with Azure services. Use when implementing DefaultAzureCredential, managed identity, service principal, or any Azure authentication pattern in Java applications. Covers: Key Concepts, DefaultAzureCredential (Recommended), Configure DefaultAzureCredential, Managed Identity, Service Principal with Secret.