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The Ralph Wiggum technique is a simple but powerful pattern for autonomous AI-driven development:
PRD (prd.json): JSON file with user stories, each having a passes boolean
Progress file (progress.txt): LLM memory between iterations
Loop: Run Claude Code repeatedly until all tasks pass
Named after Ralph Wiggum from The Simpsons - simple but effective.
"Me fail English? That's unpossible!" - Ralph Wiggum
Why It Works
The Problem with AI Coding
LLMs lose context between sessions
No persistent memory of what worked/failed
Tendency to declare victory without verification
Complex orchestration systems add overhead
The Solution
Structured task list (JSON): Machine-readable, hard for LLM to corrupt
Progress file: Persistent memory across iterations
Verification gate: MUST pass all checks before marking complete
Git commits: Checkpoint after each success
Simple loop: No complex orchestration needed
Components
1. PRD File (plans/prd.json)
{"project":"My Project","version":"1.0.0","user_stories":[{"id":"US-001","epic":"Authentication","title":"User can sign up with email",
"description"
:
"As a user, I want to sign up so I can access the app"
,
"priority"
:
"critical"
,
"acceptance_criteria"
:
[
"Email validation works"
,
"Password strength checked"
,
"Confirmation email sent"
]
,
"verification"
:
{
"type_check"
:
true
,
"lint"
:
true
,
"unit_tests"
:
true
,
"e2e_tests"
:
true
,
"build"
:
true
}
,
"passes"
:
false
,
"last_attempt"
:
null
,
"attempt_count"
:
0
,
"depends_on"
:
[
]
}
]
,
"metadata"
:
{
"total_stories"
:
1
,
"passing_stories"
:
0
}
}
Key Fields
Field
Purpose
passes
Boolean gate - only true after verification
priority
Execution order: critical > high > medium > low
depends_on
Task IDs that must pass first
acceptance_criteria
Specific requirements to implement
attempt_count
Tracks failed attempts (for debugging)
2. Progress File (plans/progress.txt)
Append-only file with session entries:
# Ralph Wiggum Progress Log# Project: my-project# Created: 2026-01-07T10:00:00Z
---
## Session 1: 2026-01-07T10:30:00Z**Task**: US-001 - User can sign up with email
**Status**: IN_PROGRESS
### Work Done
- Created SignUpForm component at apps/web/src/components/auth/SignUpForm.tsx
- Added zod schema for email validation
### Issues Encountered
- useAuth hook missing return type annotation
### Learnings
- Always add explicit return types to custom hooks
- Email regex pattern: /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/
### Next Steps
1. Fix useAuth hook return type
2. Add unit tests for SignUpForm
3. Run full verification
---
## Session 2: 2026-01-07T11:00:00Z
**Task**: US-001 - User can sign up with email
**Status**: COMPLETED
### Work Done
- Fixed useAuth return type
- Added comprehensive unit tests
- All verification passed
### Learnings
- Vitest mocking pattern for Supabase auth
### Next Steps
- Move to US-002
3. Verification Pipeline
ALL must pass before marking passes: true:
pnpm turbo run type-check # TypeScript compilation
pnpm turbo run lint # ESLint + Ruff linting
pnpm turbo run test# Unit tests (Vitest/Pytest)
pnpm turbo run build # Production build
pnpm --filter=web test:e2e # Playwright E2E tests
# Unix/Mac/WSL
./scripts/ralph.sh 50 # Max 50 iterations# Windows PowerShell
.\scripts\ralph.ps1 -MaxIterations 50
# Claude Code command
/ralph run 50
Best Practices
1. Small, Focused Tasks
Keep user stories to 1-2 hour scope:
// Good{"title":"Add email validation to sign-up form"}// Too big{"title":"Implement entire authentication system"}
2. Specific Acceptance Criteria
Vague criteria lead to incomplete implementations:
// Good{"acceptance_criteria":["Email format validated with regex","Error message shown for invalid email","Submit button disabled until valid"]}// Too vague{"acceptance_criteria":["Form works properly"]}
3. Use Dependencies
Order tasks logically:
{"id":"US-002","title":"User can log in","depends_on":["US-001"]// Sign-up must work first}
4. Read Progress Before Working
Check what was learned in previous iterations:
### Learnings- Vitest mocking pattern for Supabase: vi.mock('@supabase/ssr')
- Always await signUp() before checking error state
5. Commit After Each Success
Creates checkpoints for recovery:
git log --oneline
# feat(US-003): User can reset password# feat(US-002): User can log in# feat(US-001): User can sign up with email
6. Escalate Repeated Failures
If attempt_count >= 3:
Stop working on task
Record blocker in progress.txt
Move to next available task
Flag for human review
Integration with Existing Systems
Long-Running Agents
Ralph follows the same patterns as apps/backend/src/agents/long_running/:
Ralph
Long-Running
progress.txt
ProgressFile class
prd.json
FeatureManager
Session entries
SessionProgress
Orchestrator Delegation
The orchestrator can hand off to Ralph for autonomous completion:
============================================
Ralph Wiggum Technique
Autonomous Task Completion Loop
============================================
>>> Checking prerequisites...
Claude CLI found
PRD file found
All prerequisites OK
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Iteration 1: US-001
User can sign up with email
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
>>> Invoking Claude Code...
[Claude implements sign-up form]
>>> Running verification pipeline...
Running type check...
Type check: PASS
Running lint...
Lint: PASS
Running tests...
Tests: PASS
Running build...
Build: PASS
Running E2E tests...
E2E: PASS
Verification passed! Marking US-001 as complete.
[Auto-commit: feat(US-001): User can sign up with email]
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Iteration 2: US-002
User can log in with email
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
...
============================================
Summary
============================================
Iterations: 5
Tasks Completed: 5
Progress: 5/5 tasks complete
Duration: 00:45:23
All tasks complete! Project finished in 5 iterations.
Australian Context
All implementations follow Australian defaults:
en-AU spelling (colour, organisation, behaviour)
DD/MM/YYYY date format
AUD currency formatting where applicable
Privacy Act 1988 compliance considerations for user data
