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| name | YAML验证器 |
| description | 当验证YAML文件、检查Kubernetes清单、调试Docker Compose或验证配置文件时，在部署前验证YAML。 |
| license | MIT |
YAML是DevOps中的核心技术 - Kubernetes、Docker Compose、GitHub Actions都使用YAML。无效的YAML会以神秘的错误消息静默破坏部署。
核心原则: 无效的YAML = 部署失败。在部署前验证。
始终:
触发短语:
问题:
YAML使用空格缩进，不能使用制表符
错误示例:
services:
web:
image: nginx:latest ← 使用了制表符
database:
image: postgres:13
解决方案:
- 使用2个或4个空格进行缩进
- 统一缩进风格
- 配置编辑器显示空白字符
问题:
特殊字符需要引号包围
错误示例:
password: my#password ← #会被当作注释
url: https://example.com/api/v1/resource?id=123&key=value
解决方案:
password: "my#password"
url: "https://example.com/api/v1/resource?id=123&key=value"
问题:
YAML会自动推断数据类型
错误示例:
port: "8080" ← 字符串而不是数字
enabled: "true" ← 字符串而不是布尔值
timeout: 30s ← 无效的时间格式
解决方案:
port: 8080
enabled: true
timeout: 30
import yaml
import json
import re
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Union
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
from pathlib import Path
import jsonschema
class ValidationLevel(Enum):
ERROR = "error"
WARNING = "warning"
INFO = "info"
@dataclass
class ValidationResult:
"""验证结果"""
level: ValidationLevel
message: str
line: Optional[int] = None
column: Optional[int] = None
suggestion: Optional[str] = None
@dataclass
class YAMLDocument:
"""YAML文档"""
content: Dict[str, Any]
line_map: Dict[int, str]
metadata: Dict[str, Any]
class YAMLValidator:
"""YAML验证器"""
():
.validation_rules = ._initialize_validation_rules()
.kubernetes_schemas = ._load_kubernetes_schemas()
.docker_compose_schema = ._load_docker_compose_schema()
() -> [ValidationResult]:
:
(file_path, , encoding=) f:
content = f.read()
lines = content.split()
Exception e:
[ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=
)]
.validate_yaml_content(content, lines)
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
syntax_results = ._validate_syntax(content, lines)
results.extend(syntax_results)
(r.level == ValidationLevel.ERROR r syntax_results):
results
:
yaml_data = yaml.safe_load(content)
structure_results = ._validate_structure(yaml_data, lines)
results.extend(structure_results)
semantic_results = ._validate_semantics(yaml_data, lines)
results.extend(semantic_results)
framework_results = ._validate_framework_specific(yaml_data, lines)
results.extend(framework_results)
yaml.YAMLError e:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
line=(e, , ).line + (e, ) ,
column=(e, , ).column + (e, )
))
results
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
lines:
lines = content.split()
line_num, line (lines, ):
line:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
line=line_num,
column=line.find() + ,
suggestion=
))
line.strip():
leading_spaces = (line) - (line.lstrip())
leading_spaces % != :
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
line=line_num,
column=,
suggestion=
))
line line.strip().startswith():
parts = line.split(, )
(parts) == :
value = parts[].strip()
value (value.startswith() value.startswith()):
re.search(, value):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
line=line_num,
column=(parts[]) + ,
suggestion=
))
results
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
(yaml_data, ):
required_fields = .validation_rules.get(, [])
field required_fields:
field yaml_data:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
type_rules = .validation_rules.get(, {})
._check_data_types(yaml_data, type_rules, , results)
structure_rules = .validation_rules.get(, {})
._check_structure(yaml_data, structure_rules, , results)
results
():
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
key type_rules:
expected_type = type_rules[key]
._is_valid_type(value, expected_type):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
(value, (, )):
._check_data_types(value, type_rules, current_path, results)
(data, ):
i, item (data):
current_path =
(item, (, )):
._check_data_types(item, type_rules, current_path, results)
() -> :
type_mapping = {
: ,
: ,
: (, ),
: ,
: ,
:
}
expected_python_type = type_mapping.get(expected_type)
expected_python_type:
(value, expected_python_type)
():
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
key structure_rules:
rule = structure_rules[key]
(rule, ):
rule:
field rule[]:
field value:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
rule (value, ):
(value) > rule[]:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
(value, (, )):
._check_structure(value, structure_rules, current_path, results)
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
semantic_rules = .validation_rules.get(, {})
._check_port_ranges(yaml_data, results)
._check_resource_limits(yaml_data, results)
._check_environment_variables(yaml_data, results)
._check_secrets(yaml_data, results)
results
():
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
key.lower() (value, ):
( <= value <= ):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
._check_port_ranges(value, results, current_path)
(data, ):
i, item (data):
current_path =
._check_port_ranges(item, results, current_path)
():
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
key [, ] (value, ):
re.(, value):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
key [] (value, ):
re.(, value):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
._check_resource_limits(value, results, current_path)
(data, ):
i, item (data):
current_path =
._check_resource_limits(item, results, current_path)
():
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
key.lower() [, , ] (value, ):
env_key, env_value value.items():
(env_value, ) env_value.startswith() env_value.endswith():
var_name = env_value[:-]
re.(, var_name):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
._check_environment_variables(value, results, current_path)
(data, ):
i, item (data):
current_path =
._check_environment_variables(item, results, current_path)
():
sensitive_keys = [, , , , , ]
(data, ):
key, value data.items():
current_path = path key
(sensitive key.lower() sensitive sensitive_keys):
(value, ) (value) > :
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
._check_secrets(value, results, current_path)
(data, ):
i, item (data):
current_path =
._check_secrets(item, results, current_path)
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
framework_type = ._detect_framework_type(yaml_data)
framework_type == :
results.extend(._validate_kubernetes(yaml_data))
framework_type == :
results.extend(._validate_docker_compose(yaml_data))
framework_type == :
results.extend(._validate_github_actions(yaml_data))
results
() -> :
(yaml_data, ):
keys = yaml_data.keys()
keys keys:
keys keys yaml_data.get(, {}):
keys keys:
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
required_fields = [, , ]
field required_fields:
field yaml_data:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
yaml_data (yaml_data[], ):
spec = yaml_data[]
spec spec.get(, {}):
spec spec[]:
template_labels = spec[][].get(, {})
selector_labels = spec[][]
key, value selector_labels.items():
template_labels.get(key) != value:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
results
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
yaml_data:
version = yaml_data[]
(version, ) version.startswith() version.startswith():
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.WARNING,
message=,
suggestion=
))
yaml_data (yaml_data[], ):
service_name, service_config yaml_data[].items():
(service_config, ):
service_config:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
service_config (service_config[], ):
port service_config[]:
(port, ) port:
host_port, container_port = port.split(, )
:
host_port_num = (host_port)
( <= host_port_num <= ):
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
ValueError:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
results
() -> [ValidationResult]:
results = []
required_fields = [, ]
field required_fields:
field yaml_data:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
yaml_data (yaml_data[], ):
job_name, job_config yaml_data[].items():
(job_config, ):
job_config:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
job_config:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
(job_config[], ):
i, step (job_config[]):
(step, ) step step:
results.append(ValidationResult(
level=ValidationLevel.ERROR,
message=,
suggestion=
))
results
() -> [, ]:
{
: [],
: {},
: {},
: {}
}
() -> [, ]:
{}
() -> [, ]:
{}
() -> :
results:
report = []
by_level = {
ValidationLevel.ERROR: [],
ValidationLevel.WARNING: [],
ValidationLevel.INFO: []
}
result results:
by_level[result.level].append(result)
level [ValidationLevel.ERROR, ValidationLevel.WARNING, ValidationLevel.INFO]:
by_level[level]:
level_name = level.value.upper()
report.append()
result by_level[level]:
location =
result.line:
location =
result.column:
location +=
location +=
report.append()
result.suggestion:
report.append()
report.append()
error_count = (by_level[ValidationLevel.ERROR])
warning_count = (by_level[ValidationLevel.WARNING])
info_count = (by_level[ValidationLevel.INFO])
summary =
error_count > :
summary +=
warning_count > :
summary +=
:
summary +=
report.append(summary)
.join(report)
():
validator = YAMLValidator()
yaml_content =
results = validator.validate_yaml_content(yaml_content)
report = validator.generate_validation_report(results)
(report)
__name__ == :
main()
import yaml
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
from pathlib import Path
class YAMLFormatter:
"""YAML格式化工具"""
def __init__(self):
self.indent_size = 2
self.sort_keys = False
self.default_flow_style = False
def format_yaml_file(self, file_path: str, output_path: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
"""格式化YAML文件"""
try:
# 读取文件
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
content = f.read()
# 解析YAML
data = yaml.safe_load(content)
# 格式化输出
formatted_content = yaml.dump(
data,
indent=self.indent_size,
sort_keys=self.sort_keys,
default_flow_style=self.default_flow_style,
allow_unicode=True,
encoding=None
)
# 写入文件
output_file = output_path or file_path
(output_file, , encoding=) f:
f.write(formatted_content)
Exception e:
()
() -> :
:
(yaml_file, , encoding=) f:
data = yaml.safe_load(f)
(json_file, , encoding=) f:
json.dump(data, f, indent=, ensure_ascii=)
Exception e:
()
() -> :
:
(json_file, , encoding=) f:
data = json.load(f)
(yaml_file, , encoding=) f:
yaml.dump(data, f, indent=.indent_size, allow_unicode=)
Exception e:
()
():
formatter = YAMLFormatter()
success = formatter.format_yaml_file()
success:
()
formatter.yaml_to_json(, )
formatter.json_to_yaml(, )
__name__ == :
main()