dist-build-migration

name	dist-build-migration
description	Migrate an Nx package to build to a local dist/ directory with nodenext module resolution, exports map, and @nx/nx-source condition.
allowed-tools	Bash, Read, Glob, Grep, Agent, Edit, Write

Migrate Package to Local Dist Build

You are migrating an Nx monorepo package from building to ../../dist/packages/<name> to building locally to packages/<name>/dist/. This matches the pattern already used by nx and devkit.

Argument

The user provides a package name (e.g., js, webpack, angular). The package lives at packages/<name>/.

Steps

0. Preflight: check workspace:* deps for unmigrated packages

Read packages/<name>/package.json and list every workspace:* dep (in dependencies, devDependencies, peerDependencies).

For each such dep, look at the target package's project.json. If it does not override release.version.manifestRootsToUpdate to ["packages/{projectName}"], that target package is still on the old layout. You must migrate those packages too (apply this skill to each), in the same PR.

Why: With preserveLocalDependencyProtocols: true (the new pattern), nx release version does not substitute workspace:* in your manifest. At publish time, pnpm resolves workspace:* by reading the target's source packages/<dep>/package.json. The default manifestRootsToUpdate: ["dist/packages/{projectName}"] only bumps the dist copy, so pnpm picks up the unbumped source 0.0.1 and publishes your package with a dep on a version that does not exist in the registry. Local registry installs then fail with ERR_PNPM_NO_MATCHING_VERSION.

A workspace:* dep on a still-on-old-layout package is a hard blocker — migrate it before continuing.

1. Read current state

Read these files for the target package:

• packages/<name>/package.json
• packages/<name>/project.json
• packages/<name>/tsconfig.lib.json
• packages/<name>/tsconfig.spec.json (if exists)
• packages/<name>/.eslintrc.json (if exists)
• packages/<name>/assets.json (if exists)
• packages/<name>/.npmignore (if exists)
• packages/<name>/.gitignore (if exists)

Also read the reference implementations:

• packages/devkit/tsconfig.lib.json
• packages/devkit/package.json
• packages/devkit/project.json
• packages/devkit/.npmignore

Run pnpm nx show target <name>:build-base to see the inferred build target. Run pnpm nx show target <name>:build to see the full build target.

2. Identify entry points

Look at the package's root .ts files and any existing exports field. Common entry points:

• index.ts (main)
• testing.ts
• internal.ts
• ngcli-adapter.ts
• Any other .ts files at the package root that re-export from src/

Also check for migrations.json and generators.json/executors.json — these need exports entries too.

3. Update tsconfig.lib.json

Transform from the old pattern to the new pattern:

Before:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "commonjs",
    "outDir": "../../dist/packages/<name>",
    "tsBuildInfoFile": "../../dist/packages/<name>/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo"
  }
}

After:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "dist",
    "rootDir": ".",
    "declarationDir": "dist",
    "declarationMap": false,
    "tsBuildInfoFile": "dist/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo",
    "types": ["node"],
    "composite": true,
    "module": "nodenext",
    "moduleResolution": "nodenext",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true
  },
  "exclude": [  ...existing excludes 
    

Important: Adjust include based on the package's actual structure. If the package has directories like bin/, plugins/, etc. at the root level (like nx does), include those too.

4. Update tsconfig.spec.json (if exists)

Change outDir from ../../dist/packages/<name>/spec to dist/spec.

5. Update package.json

Key changes:

• Add "type": "commonjs" near the top (after private)
• Change "main" to "./dist/index.js"
• Change "types" to "./dist/index.d.ts"
• Add "typesVersions" for backwards compatibility with moduleResolution: "node" consumers
• Add "exports" map with entries for each entry point

Each export entry follows this pattern:

"./entry-name": {
  "@nx/nx-source": "./entry-name.ts",
  "types": "./entry-name.d.ts",
  "default": "./dist/entry-name.js"
}

The main entry (.) uses ./index.ts, ./index.d.ts, ./dist/index.js.

Always include:

"./package.json": "./package.json"

Include "./migrations.json": "./migrations.json" if the package has migrations.

Note: The @nx/nx-source condition is a custom condition used for source-level resolution within the workspace (so other packages import from source, not dist).

Add a typesVersions field for consumers using moduleResolution: "node" (which doesn't read exports):

"typesVersions": {
  "*": {
    "testing": ["dist/testing.d.ts"],
    "ngcli-adapter": ["dist/ngcli-adapter.d.ts"]
  }
}

Add an entry for each subpath export (excluding ., ./package.json, and ./migrations.json).

6. Update project.json

Add these sections:

{
  "release": {
    "version": {
      "generator": "@nx/js:release-version",
      "preserveLocalDependencyProtocols": true,
      "manifestRootsToUpdate": ["packages/{projectName}"]
    }
  },
  "targets": {
    "nx-release-publish": {
      "options": {
        "packageRoot": "packages/{projectName}"
      }
    }
  }
}

Do not override build-base.outputs in project.json. The @nx/js/typescript plugin reads outDir and tsBuildInfoFile from tsconfig.lib.json and infers the correct outputs (including the tsbuildinfo and the full set of file extensions). A hand-written override is almost always less complete than the inferred set.

If the package already has a hand-written build-base.outputs array, delete it — don't try to patch it. An incomplete override that omits dist/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo causes a sandbox violation in every consumer that has a TypeScript project reference to this package: their tsc --build reads the referenced project's .tsbuildinfo, but dependentTasksOutputFiles can only collect it if this package declares it as an output.

Verify the inferred outputs include the tsbuildinfo:

pnpm nx show project <name> --json | jq '.targets["build-base"].outputs'
# Must include "{projectRoot}/dist/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo"

Update the existing build target's outputs if they reference {workspaceRoot}/dist/packages/<name> — they should now reference {projectRoot}/dist/.

Also update dependsOn in the build target: replace "^build" with "^build" if it isn't already, and make sure "build-base" is listed.

7. Update eslint config

Add dist to the ignores. For flat config (eslint.config.mjs):

{ ignores: ['**/__fixtures__/**', 'dist'] },

For legacy .eslintrc.json:

"ignorePatterns": ["!**/*", "node_modules", "dist"]

Do not add *.d.ts or **/*.d.ts — the base config already ignores **/dist, and tsconfig.lib.json (Step 4) sends all generated .d.ts files into dist, so they're already out of scope. Hand-authored .d.ts files in src/ (e.g. schema.d.ts) generally don't need ignoring.

8. Update assets.json (if exists)

Change outDir from "dist/packages/<name>" to "packages/<name>/dist".

9. Add files field to package.json

Instead of using .npmignore, add a "files" field to package.json (matching the nx package pattern). Remove .npmignore if it exists.

"files": [
  "dist",
  "!dist/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo",
  "migrations.json"
]

Adjust based on the package's needs:

• Add "executors.json" and/or "generators.json" if the package has them
• Add any other non-TS files that need to be published
• npm always includes package.json and README.md automatically — no need to list them

10. Rename README.md and update build command

If the package has a README.md at its root and uses the copy-readme.js script in its build target:

1. Rename README.md to readme-template.md (git mv)
2. Update the build command to pass explicit paths:

   node ./scripts/copy-readme.js <name> packages/<name>/readme-template.md packages/<name>/README.md
   

3. Update the build target outputs to ["{projectRoot}/README.md"]

The script's default behavior reads packages/<name>/README.md and writes to dist/packages/<name>/README.md — both wrong for the new layout. Passing explicit args fixes both.

11. Update root .gitignore

Under the section that lists generated README files (look for packages/nx/README.md), add:

packages/<name>/README.md

The generated README is written next to source (not into dist/), so it needs its own ignore.

Do not add a packages/<name>/**/*.d.ts rule. The root .gitignore already has a top-level dist entry that ignores every dist/ directory in the repo — and tsconfig.lib.json (Step 4) sets declarationDir: "dist", so all generated .d.ts files land there. Adding a package-wide **/*.d.ts rule plus ! re-includes for hand-authored .d.ts files (like committed schema.d.ts source files) is redundant defense-in-depth.

12. Update docs generation paths

Check astro-docs/src/plugins/utils/ for any code that references .d.ts files from the package. The docs generation reads .d.ts entry points to build API reference pages. Paths that previously pointed to dist/packages/<name>/foo.d.ts (workspace root dist) or packages/<name>/foo.d.ts (package root) now need to point to packages/<name>/dist/foo.d.ts.

For example, devkit-generation.ts had to be updated to look for packages/devkit/dist/index.d.ts instead of packages/devkit/index.d.ts.

13. Update scripts/nx-release.ts

Two things to do here:

1. Add the package to packagesToReset. That array (around scripts/nx-release.ts:76) is the snapshot/restore list — every package whose source package.json gets mutated by nx release (because it now publishes from packages/<name>/ directly, not dist/packages/<name>/) must be in this list. Otherwise the release will leave packages/<name>/package.json dirty in the working tree after running. Easy to forget — and there is no test that catches it.

2. Update any package-specific paths. If the package has special release handling (like devkit's hackFixForDevkitPeerDependencies), update any paths from ./dist/packages/<name>/ to ./packages/<name>/.

14. Update imports across the workspace

Search for imports from @nx/<name>/src/ across all other packages. These internal imports need to be updated:

• If the imported thing is re-exported through a public entry point (index.ts, internal.ts, etc.), update the import to use that entry point
• If not, consider adding it to internal.ts or the appropriate entry point

Use: grep -r "from '@nx/<name>/src/" packages/ --include="*.ts" -l to find affected files.

Also check for imports in:

• e2e/ tests
• scripts/
• tools/workspace-plugin/
• astro-docs/
• examples/

14b. (Optional) Lock down ./src/* and route internal consumers through ./internal

When you ship the migration, the package's exports map exposes everything under ./src/* if you keep the wildcard. That's a 100s-of-symbols-wide semi-private surface that pins the implementation layout forever — consumers (first-party and external) can reach into any source file. The cleaner long-term shape, matching @nx/devkit/@nx/workspace, is to drop the wildcard and route internal consumers through a single curated ./internal entry. Skip this step if you'd rather defer (e.g. the package has very heavy internal usage and you'd prefer a smaller PR), but plan a follow-up.

When to lock down vs defer

• Lock down in the same PR if internal subpath imports number in the low hundreds AND the package isn't workspace:*-pinned by other not-yet-migrated packages whose dist code would crash at runtime against the older published version (see "Published-version mismatch" below).
• Defer to a follow-up PR if the inventory is huge OR if dist-output code in other workspace packages depends on the OLD ./src/* paths and those packages can't be migrated to local-dist yet. Lock down only once the immediate runtime-resolution surface is contained.

Step-by-step

1. Inventory the subpath imports. Scan for from '@nx/<name>/src/...', plus runtime require(), dynamic import(), and jest/vi.mock-family calls:

grep -rEln "from ['\"]@nx/<name>/src/" --include="*.ts" --include="*.tsx" --include="*.js" --include="*.mjs" packages/ e2e/ scripts/
grep -rEln "(require|jest\.mock|jest\.requireActual)\(['\"]@nx/<name>/src/" packages/ e2e/ scripts/

Compile a subpath → set-of-imported-symbols map. About 30 distinct subpaths and 60 symbols is typical for a package the size of @nx/js.

2. Identify runtime-string-resolved subpaths. Some subpaths are referenced by string default values the nx runtime resolves later (not static imports). The classic example: packages/nx/src/command-line/release/config/config.ts has DEFAULT_VERSION_ACTIONS_PATH = '@nx/js/src/release/version-actions'. These strings are also baked into pre-existing user nx.json files and you cannot rewrite them via a migration. Keep those exact subpaths as explicit non-wildcard entries in the exports map (not under ./internal), and have the migration skip rewriting them.

# Search for string-default usages of the subpath in nx core
grep -rEn "['\"]@nx/<name>/src/[^'\"]+['\"]" packages/nx/src/ --include="*.ts"

3. Build packages/<name>/internal.ts at the package ROOT (not inside src/, to mirror @nx/devkit/internal). Re-export every symbol callers reach for via @nx/<name>/src/*, BUT only symbols not already exported from packages/<name>/src/index.ts. Anything already public stays public — the migration sends those callers to @nx/<name>, not @nx/<name>/internal.

To compute the public set:

grep -E "^export " packages/<name>/src/index.ts

…and recursively expand any export * lines. The "public-export reachability" calculation is fiddly enough that a small Python script with a recursive expand is worth it (see PR #35538 commit history for an example).

Curate the new file:

// Semi-private surface for first-party Nx packages.
//
// External plugins should NOT import from here — this entry is curated for
// internal consumers and may change without semver protection. Mirrors
// `@nx/devkit/internal`.

// Re-exports of nx-source internals (need `no-restricted-imports` overrides).
// oxlint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
export { ... } from 'nx/src/plugins/.../something';

export { walkTsconfigExtendsChain, type RawTsconfigJsonCache } from './src/utils/typescript/raw-tsconfig';
// ... and so on, grouping by area.

Delete any pre-existing packages/<name>/src/internal.ts once its exports have been folded in.

4. Update packages/<name>/package.json. Drop wildcards, add ./internal, keep runtime-string subpaths as explicit entries:

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "@nx/nx-source": "./src/index.ts",
      "types": "./dist/src/index.d.ts",
      "default": "./dist/src/index.js",
    },
    "./package.json": "./package.json",
    "./migrations.json": "./migrations.json",
    "./generators.json": "./generators.json",
    "./executors.json": "./executors.json",
    // Public side-channels (whatever you already had).
    "./babel": {
      "@nx/nx-source": "./babel.ts",
      "types": "./dist/babel.d.ts",
      "default": "./dist/babel.js",
    },
    
     
       
       
       
    
    
     
       
       
       
    
    
  

Also strip src/* glob entries from typesVersions. Replace with explicit non-wildcard entries that mirror the kept exports.

5. Codemod consumers in two passes. Mechanical sed-style first, then a smarter split:

# Pass 1: every `from '@nx/<name>/src/...'` → `from '@nx/<name>/internal'`,
# except the preserved subpaths from step 2.
# (Use a Python/TS script — sed is fine for the simple cases too.)

# Pass 2: split mixed imports. Any line like
#   import { libraryGenerator, ensureTypescript } from '@nx/<name>/internal';
# where `libraryGenerator` is publicly exported from `src/index.ts` becomes:
#   import { libraryGenerator } from '@nx/<name>';
#   import { ensureTypescript } from '@nx/<name>/internal';

Also handle these non-static cases:

• jest.mock('@nx/<name>/src/...', ...) and jest.requireActual(...) — same rewrite. The whole mock surface is now @nx/<name>/internal, so ...jest.requireActual('@nx/<name>/internal') spreads more than the original site mocked, but that's fine in practice.
• Runtime require('@nx/<name>/src/...') — same rewrite.
• Template-string fixtures inside .spec.ts files — careful! Don't let your codemod rewrite literal from "@nx/<name>/internal" substrings that test the migration (it'll flip quote style and break the test). Either skip *.spec.ts files containing fixtures, or operate at AST level.

6. Collapse duplicate imports. After the two-pass codemod, many files end up with two import { ... } from '@nx/<name>/internal' lines (or two from '@nx/<name>'). Run a third pass to merge same-source-same-type-prefix imports:

# Match lines (anchored): `^import [type ]{ ... } from '@nx/<name>[/internal]';$`
# Group by (is_type_only, source). For each group with >1 entry: keep the first
# occurrence's position, merge the named bindings (dedupe), delete the others.
# Don't merge across type/non-type — the semantics differ.

7. Public-symbol audit. After splitting, internal.ts must not re-export anything already exported from src/index.ts. If it does, namespace consumers (import * as shared from '@nx/<name>/internal') will see only the curated set and shared.publiclyExportedSymbol becomes undefined. Cross-check:

# Symbols in internal.ts that are ALSO in the recursive index.ts export set
# are a bug. Remove them from internal.ts. The codemod from step 5 should
# have already routed their callers to `@nx/<name>`, but verify nothing is
# left pointing at `@nx/<name>/internal` for these.

The three load-bearing patterns to verify:

• import * as shared from '@nx/<name>/internal' followed by shared.publicSymbol — fix by changing source to @nx/<name>.
• Runtime const shared = require('@nx/<name>/internal') followed by shared.publicSymbol — same fix.
• Named imports of public symbols from @nx/<name>/internal — already split by step 5; verify nothing slipped through.

8. Ship a migration. Add packages/<name>/src/migrations/update-<version>/rewrite-<name>-internal-subpath-imports.ts based on the workspace move-typescript-compilation-import template. It needs to handle:

• Static import [type] { ... } from '@nx/<name>/src/<anything>'
• export [type] { ... } from '@nx/<name>/src/<anything>'
• Dynamic import('@nx/<name>/src/<anything>')
• require('@nx/<name>/src/<anything>')
• jest.mock|unmock|doMock|dontMock|requireActual|requireMock|importActual|importMock(...) and the vi. equivalents

Route by symbol, not blindly to ./internal. Some symbols reachable via @nx/<name>/src/* are public — they're exported from packages/<name>/src/index.ts and ship on the main @nx/<name> entry. A migration that rewrites every @nx/<name>/src/* import to @nx/<name>/internal silently breaks any consumer importing a public symbol that way, because internal.ts deliberately does not re-export public symbols (step 7). Instead:

• Hard-code the public symbol set (the recursively-expanded exports of src/index.ts) in the migration.
• For a named import/export declaration, partition the named bindings: public symbols go to @nx/<name>, the rest to @nx/<name>/internal. Classify an orig as alias binding by orig. If both groups are non-empty, replace the single declaration with two — one per target — preserving any import type / export type modifier.
• A namespace import (import * as ns), a default import, export *, every call expression (require, dynamic import, jest.mock family), and typeof import('...') type queries (ImportTypeNode) reference the module as a whole and can't be symbol-split — route them to @nx/<name>/internal.

Skip the preserved subpaths from step 2 (e.g. @nx/<name>/src/release/version-actions). Use ts.createSourceFile for AST-based detection so you don't rewrite literals inside comments or template strings.

Don't forget typeof import('...'). It parses as an ImportTypeNode, not a CallExpression, so it's a separate AST branch from the require/dynamic-import handling. Real-world consumers use the idiom const m = require('@nx/<name>/src/x') as typeof import('@nx/<name>/src/x') to get a typed runtime require — if the codemod only rewrites the runtime arg, the type arg stays pointing at the now-removed ./src/* wildcard and the consumer fails to type-check. Handle it explicitly: walk ImportTypeNodes and rewrite node.argument.literal when the string starts with @nx/<name>/src/.

Register in packages/<name>/migrations.json with version: <current beta>. The description should state the routing rule: named public-symbol imports/exports go to @nx/<name>, everything else to @nx/<name>/internal.

Add a spec covering: public-symbol import (→ @nx/<name>), internal-symbol import (→ @nx/<name>/internal), mixed import split into two, aliased bindings classified by original name, type-only split, export { ... } from (public / internal / mixed), export *, namespace import, default import, single-quoted, double-quoted, deep subpath, .js extension, require(), dynamic import(), typeof import() type queries (→ /internal), a <typeof import()>require() cast in tandem (catches the regression where the runtime arg gets rewritten but the type arg doesn't), the full jest mock family (it.each over MOCK_HELPER_METHODS), the full vi mock family, jest.mock('...', factory) with a factory argument, a non-mock jest.* call left alone, an import + jest.mock in the same file, preserved subpaths, non-@nx/<name> imports, unrelated string literals inside comments. Make sure every entry in PUBLIC_SYMBOLS and every entry in MOCK_HELPER_METHODS is exercised at least once — drift from hardcoded sets is the most likely silent regression.

9. Watch for the published-version-mismatch gotcha in example/test builds.

The workspace's root node_modules/@nx/<name> is the published version (root package.json pins it to a real release tag, not workspace:*). When code at dist/packages/<X>/... does require('@nx/<name>/internal') at runtime, Node walks up from dist/ and finds workspace-root node_modules/@nx/<name> — the published copy. If that version was released BEFORE this PR, it has no internal.js and resolution fails.

Symptom:

Error: Cannot find module '@nx/<name>/internal'
  requireStack: [
    '/path/to/workspace/dist/packages/<X>/src/utils/foo.js',
    ...
  ]
}

This bites specifically for examples or e2e flows that load dist/packages/<other-package>/... artifacts (e.g. an angular-rspack module-federation example that monkey-patches Module._resolveFilename to redirect @nx/<other-package> to dist). If the other-package's dist code does require('@nx/<name>/internal'), you'll hit this.

Two fixes:

• (Preferred, if applicable.) Migrate the other package to local-dist too. Then its built code lives at packages/<other>/dist/..., walks up to packages/<other>/node_modules/@nx/<name> (a workspace symlink to source), and resolution finds the new internal.js because workspace source has it.
• (Band-aid for the in-between window.) If migrating the other package is out of scope, extend the example's existing request-path patch to also redirect @nx/<name>/internal to the workspace source packages/<name>/dist/internal. Document it as a temporary measure tied to the same TODO that exists for the other-package redirect.

Search aggressively for this pattern after step 8:

grep -rln "patchModuleFederationRequestPath\|Module._resolveFilename" examples/ e2e/ packages/

Any file that monkeypatches resolution is a candidate for needing the redirect.

Validation

After steps 1–9:

# Build the package (emits dist/internal.{js,d.ts})
pnpm nx run <name>:build-base

# Lint the package — @nx/dependency-checks may complain that the package
# "uses itself" because of the dynamic self-reference in versions.ts. Add
# `@nx/<name>` to `ignoredDependencies` in the dependency-checks rule config
# (with a comment explaining: self-reference for require(join('@nx/<name>', 'package.json'))).
pnpm nx run <name>:lint

# Spec the migration
pnpm nx test <name> -- --testPathPatterns=rewrite-<name>-internal-subpath-imports

# Full affected — catches consumers, example monkey-patches, and any
# missed split-mixed-imports.
pnpm nx affected -t build,lint --base=<base-sha-before-migration>

If nx affected fails on a single example test with Cannot find module '@nx/<name>/internal', that's step 9 — extend the example's request-path patch.

If nx affected fails on a package with TS2339: Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'typeof import(".../internal")', that's step 7 — a shared.publicSymbol call survived. Find it (grep -rn 'shared\.<symbol>' packages/) and rewrite the namespace source to @nx/<name>.

15. Audit require('../../package.json') (or similar relative paths to the package.json)

Search for require\(['"]\.\..*package\.json inside packages/<name>/src/. Any TS source file that reads the package's own package.json via a relative path is a layout-fragility bug that this migration triggers:

• Before migration: source packages/<name>/src/utils/versions.ts → built dist/packages/<name>/src/utils/versions.js. '../../package.json' resolves to dist/packages/<name>/package.json (which the old build path copied there).
• After migration: source unchanged → built packages/<name>/dist/src/utils/versions.js. '../../package.json' now resolves to packages/<name>/dist/package.json — doesn't exist. Every consumer that pulls in nxVersion/NX_VERSION/etc. crashes at module-load time with Cannot find module '../../package.json'. This breaks e2e tests broadly because most generators load versions.ts.

Fix: replace the relative path with a package-name self-reference, using the dynamic join() form so eslint's @nx/enforce-module-boundaries doesn't trip on it:

// Before
export const nxVersion = require('../../package.json').version;

// After
import { join } from 'path';
export const nxVersion = require(join('@nx/<name>', 'package.json')).version;

A literal require('@nx/<name>/package.json') works at runtime but trips enforce-module-boundaries's noSelfCircularDependencies check — the rule statically pattern-matches self-imports and fires before checking whether the import resolves to a non-main entry. The dynamic join() form is opaque to the static check, matches @nx/devkit's established pattern, and resolves to the same path at runtime.

Node resolves @nx/<name>/package.json via node_modules (workspace symlink in dev, real install in published), and the package.json's exports map already declares ./package.json (you ensured this in Step 5). Works identically in source and dist contexts.

Reference implementations:

• packages/nx/src/utils/versions.ts — require('nx/package.json').version (works because nx is the project's own name; the static rule's entry-point check is lenient for the top-level nx package specifically)
• packages/devkit/src/utils/package-json.ts — NX_VERSION = require(join('nx', 'package.json')).version (dynamic form)

This was the source of the workspace-migration e2e regressions (PR #35643) and is one of the most-failure-prone steps to forget. Audit aggressively.

15b. Audit ensurePackage + await import(...) pairs

Search for ensurePackage\(['"]@nx/ inside packages/<name>/src/. For every match, look at the next 5–20 lines for a await import('@nx/<other>/...') pulling from the same package. This pattern is broken under nodenext:

• Before migration: module: commonjs made TypeScript downlevel await import('@nx/<other>') to Promise.resolve(require('@nx/<other>')). The synchronous require() honors Module._initPaths, which is exactly where ensurePackage registers the on-demand temp install. Resolution succeeds.
• After migration: module: nodenext preserves import() as a true ESM dynamic import. ESM resolution ignores Module._initPaths — it walks up node_modules from the importing file's location only. The temp install lives in a different temp dir, so the import fails with Cannot find package '@nx/<other>'.

Fix: replace the dynamic import with a synchronous require(). The ensurePackage side effect makes it findable via _initPaths, and require() honors that:

// Before
ensurePackage('@nx/eslint', nxVersion);
const { foo, bar } = await import('@nx/eslint/internal');

// After
ensurePackage('@nx/eslint', nxVersion);
// `require()` honors Module._initPaths (which ensurePackage updates); ESM
// dynamic `import()` doesn't, so it can't see the temp install.
const {
  foo,
  bar,
}: typeof import('@nx/eslint/internal') = require('@nx/eslint/internal');

Collapse multiple successive await import()s of the same module into one require() destructuring while you're at it.

This was the source of the M2 e2e regressions (Playwright/Web/React generators crashed at Cannot find package '@nx/eslint' from ignore-vite-temp-files.js and ignore-vitest-temp-files.js). One-line failure mode, but it can sit hidden in any code path that the unit-test suite doesn't exercise — only the published-then-installed flow exposes it. Audit every ensurePackage callsite.

16. Preserve add-extra-dependencies if the package has one

scripts/add-dependency-to-build.js is a release-time hack that injects an extra dep into the published package.json (e.g., it adds nx to @nx/workspace's dependencies). It is not dead code — without it the transitive resolution chain breaks for downstream consumers.

Concretely: created workspaces depend on @nx/js, which transitively depends on @nx/workspace. When the fork in generate-preset.ts runs nx g @nx/workspace:preset, Node's require.resolve('@nx/workspace/package.json') only finds the transitively-installed package because pnpm hoists nx along with @nx/workspace into .pnpm/node_modules/ — and nx is hoisted there only because the published @nx/workspace/package.json declares it as a regular dependency. Drop that injection and the fork in the new workspace fails with Unable to resolve @nx/workspace:preset → unable to find tsconfig.base.json.

When migrating a package that has the add-extra-dependencies target:

1. Keep the target in packages/<name>/project.json.
2. Update scripts/add-dependency-to-build.js: change the pkgPath from ../dist/packages/<package>/package.json to ../packages/<package>/package.json (the source manifest is now the published manifest under the local-dist layout).
3. Keep the pnpm nx run-many -t add-extra-dependencies --parallel 8 invocations in scripts/nx-release.ts (both the GitHub-release path and the local-publish path) — they fire between runNxReleaseVersion and nx run nx:expand-deps.
4. Confirm the snapshot/reset list (packagesToReset) covers this package so the injection is undone after publish.

If the package does not have the target, leave the script and the run-many calls alone — they no-op for any project without the target.

17. Verify

Run:

pnpm nx run-many -t test,build,lint -p <name>

Then:

pnpm nx affected -t build,test,lint

Summary of the pattern

The core idea is simple: instead of building to a shared dist/packages/<name>/ at the workspace root, each package builds to its own packages/<name>/dist/. The exports map with @nx/nx-source condition lets workspace packages resolve to .ts source files during development, while external consumers get the built .js from dist/. This is like giving each package its own "output mailbox" instead of sharing one big mailbox.