| name | make-fire |
| description | Start and maintain a fire using friction, spark, and solar methods. Covers site selection, material grading (tinder/kindling/fuel), fire lay construction (teepee, log cabin, platform), ignition techniques (ferro rod, flint & steel, bow drill), flame nurturing, and Leave No Trace extinguishing. Use when needing warmth, light, or a signal in a wilderness setting, when boiling water for purification, when cooking foraged food, or in an emergency survival situation requiring heat or morale support.
|
| license | MIT |
| allowed-tools | Read |
| metadata | {"author":"Philipp Thoss","version":"1.0","domain":"bushcraft","complexity":"intermediate","language":"natural","tags":"bushcraft, fire, survival, wilderness, primitive-skills","locale":"wenyan-ultra","source_locale":"en","source_commit":"1861e6a6","translator":"Julius Brussee homage โ caveman","translation_date":"2026-04-17"} |
็็ซ
้ๅค่ตท็ซใ้ค็ซไนใ
็จ
- ๆฑๆใๅ
ใ่ๆผ้โ็จ
- ๆฒธๆฐดๆทจ๏ผ่ฆ
purify-water๏ผโ็จ
- ็
ฎ่ฆ้ฃ๏ผ่ฆ
forage-plants๏ผโ็จ
- ๅฑๆฅๆฑ็ฑๆฐฃโ็จ
ๅ
ฅ
- ๅฟ
๏ผๅผๆบ๏ผ้ๆฃใ็ซ็ณใๆ็ซๆฉใๅผ้ฝใๅธ้ก๏ผ
- ๅฟ
๏ผไนพ็ตจ
- ๅฏ๏ผๅฐ้๏ผ้ขจใๅใ่ฆ๏ผ
- ๅฏ๏ผ็ซไน็จ๏ผๆใ็ใ่ใๆทจๆฐด๏ผ
่ก
ไธ๏ผๆๅฐ
ๆๅฎใ็จใๅฐๆพไนๅฐใ
Site Selection Criteria:
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Factor โ Requirement โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Wind โ Sheltered or with a windbreak โ
โ Ground โ Mineral soil, rock, or sand โ
โ Overhead clearance โ No branches within 3 m / 10 ft โ
โ Distance from water โ At least 5 m / 15 ft from streams โ
โ Distance from camp โ Close enough for use, far enough โ
โ โ to avoid spark hazards to gear โ
โ Drainage โ Slight slope or flat; avoid hollowsโ
โ โ where rain pools โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
ๆธ
ๅๅพ็ด 1 m ่ณ็คฆๅใ้ชๆฟๅฐโ็ฏ้ๆจๆๅนณ็ณๅฐใ
ๅพ๏ผๅฐๆธ
ๅนณใๅๅ
ง็ก็ๅฑใไธ็ฉบ่ถณใๆ้ฎ้ขจใ
ๆ๏ผๅไธๅฎโไปฅ 4-6 ้๏ผๆดป๏ผ่
็ฒๆจไธฆๅ็บๅฐใ้ขจ้็โไปฅๆจใ็ณใๅธ 45ยฐ ๆ็บๅฑใ
ไบ๏ผ้ๆ
ๅไธ้กใๆไนพๅคง็ดไนใ
Material Grading:
โโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Category โ Diameter โ Examples โ Quantity needed โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Tinder โ Hair-thin fibers โ Birch bark, โ Two fist-sized bundles โ
โ โ โ dried grass, โ โ
โ โ โ cedar bark, โ โ
โ โ โ fatwood โ โ
โ โ โ shavings, โ โ
โ โ โ cattail fluffโ โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Kindling โ Pencil-thin to โ Dead twigs, โ Two armfuls, sorted by โ
โ โ finger-thick โ split sticks โ thickness โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Fuel โ Wrist-thick to โ Dead standingโ Enough for intended burn โ
โ โ arm-thick โ wood, split โ time (1 armload โ 1 hr) โ
โ โ โ logs โ โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Dryness Test:
- Snap test: dry wood snaps cleanly; damp wood bends
- Sound test: dry wood clicks when struck together; damp wood thuds
- Source priority: dead standing > dead leaning > dead on dry ground > dead on wet ground
ๅพ๏ผไธๅ ๆผ่ๅ
งใ็ตจ้ชจไนพ็ดฐ๏ผๆ่ๆใ
ๆ๏ผ็ตจ็ๆฟโๅฎๅ
ง็ฎ๏ผๆใๆจบใๆฅ๏ผไปฅๅไฝ็ดฐ็ตฒใ่ฅๆพ๏ผๆญปๆพ่ๅฟ๏ผๆฟไบฆ็ใๆซ่จ๏ผ็จๆ็ฉ๏ผๆฒนๆฃใ่ ็ดๆฟ๏ผใ
ไธ๏ผๆถ็ซ
ๆ็จ่ๆณๆๆถใ
Fire Lay Decision Table:
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Fire Lay โ Best for โ Construction โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Teepee โ Quick start, boiling โ Lean kindling against โ
โ โ water, signaling โ a central tinder bundle โ
โ โ โ in a cone shape โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Log cabin โ Sustained heat, โ Stack pairs of sticks in โ
โ โ cooking, drying โ alternating layers like โ
โ โ โ a cabin; tinder in centerโ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Lean-to โ Windy conditions โ Push a green stick into โ
โ โ โ ground at 30ยฐ; lean โ
โ โ โ kindling against it with โ
โ โ โ tinder underneath โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Platform โ Snow/wet ground โ Lay green logs side by โ
โ โ โ side as a base; build โ
โ โ โ teepee or log cabin on โ
โ โ โ top โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Star/Radial โ Long burns with โ Lay 4-5 logs radiating โ
โ โ minimal fuel โ from center like spokes; โ
โ โ โ push inward as they burn โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
็้้ๆฐฃใ็ซ้ๆฐงโ้ฌๅ ้็ทใ
ๅพ๏ผๆถ็ฉฉใ็ตจๆๅผใ้่ถณใๆๆไฝฟ็ฐๆผธๅ็ตจโๆโ่ชใ
ๆ๏ผๅดฉโๆๆฏๆฃ็บๆฑใๆฐฃๆปฏ๏ผ็
่ไธ็ฐ๏ผโ้้ใ่ฟ้ขจๅบ็ๅฃใ
ๅ๏ผๅผ็ตจ
ๆๅ
ทๆๆณใ
Ignition Methods (ranked by reliability):
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Method โ Technique โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Lighter/match โ Apply flame directly to tinder for 5-10 sec โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Ferro rod โ Hold rod against tinder; scrape striker down โ
โ โ rod at 45ยฐ with firm, fast strokes; direct โ
โ โ sparks into center of tinder bundle โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Flint & steel โ Strike steel against flint edge to cast sparks โ
โ โ onto char cloth laid on tinder โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Bow drill โ Carve fireboard notch; place tinder below; โ
โ โ spin spindle with bow using steady, full-lengthโ
โ โ strokes until coal forms in notch โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Solar (lens) โ Focus sunlight through lens onto dark tinder; โ
โ โ hold steady until smoke appears; gently blow โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
ๅพ๏ผ็ตจๆผ 30 ็งๅ
ง็ด
๏ผ็ญ๏ผๆๅฐ็ฐ็ใ
ๆ๏ผๆ่ฝ่็ตจไธ็โ็ตจ้ๆฟๆ็ฒใ็ดฐไน๏ผๅฎใๆใ่ฌ๏ผใ้ๆฃๅ
ๅฎ้ๅฑๆผ็ตจ็บๅฌใๅผ้ฝโ่ปธใๆฟๅไนพ่ปๆจ๏ผๆณใๆใๆฅ๏ผ๏ผๆงฝ้่ปธๅฟๅนใ
ไบ๏ผ้ค็ฐ
็ตจ็ไนๆ
็ฑ็ญ่ณ็ฐใ
- ๆ็ญ๏ผๅผ้ฝใ็ซ็ณ๏ผโไปฅ็ตจๆ่ฃน็ญ๏ผ็ทฉๅนๆผธๅข่ณ็ฐ็
- ็ฝฎ็็ตจๆๆผๆถไธญ
- ไปฅ่บซๆๅฑ้ฎ้ขจ
- ๅ
ๅ ๆ็ดฐๆโโ้็ฒใ็ฝฎ็ฐ่งธ่
- ๅๅ ๅฟ
ๅ
็ไนๅ ๆฌก
ๅพ๏ผ1-2 ๅ้ๅ
ง็ฐ็ฑ็ตจๅ่ณๆ็ดฐๆใๅๅช่ฒโ่ช็บ็ฃใ
ๆ๏ผๆ้็ฐๆญปโๆ้็ฒๆฟใไปฅๅๆดๅ็ดฐใๆๆๆไนพ็ดฐใ็ฐ็ชโๆถ้็ทใ็ทฉๆๆไปฅ้ๆฐฃใๅฟ็ๅนๆฃ็ญใ
ๅ
ญ๏ผ้ฒ่ช
ๆผธๅขๆๅพใ
- ๆ็ฉฉ็๏ผ2-3 ๅ้็บ็ฐ๏ผไนๅ ๆ็ฒ
- ๅฝผ็่ถณไนๅ ่
็ฒ
- ๆ่ชๅญๆฐฃ๏ผ็ธๅๆไบค็
- ็็จโๅพ
็็บ็ญๅบ๏ผ20-30 ๅ้๏ผไน็ฝฎ้็คๆถ
Fuel Progression:
Tinder โ Pencil-thin โ Finger-thick โ Wrist-thick โ Arm-thick
(each stage must be established before adding the next)
ๅพ๏ผ็ซ็ฉฉ่ช็บใ็ฑๅใๆฏ 15-30 ๅ้ๅ ่ชๅณ้คใ
ๆ๏ผๅ ๅคงๆๅณๆญปโ่ถ็ดไนใ้ไธ็ด็ฏๅ็ญๅบไนๅใๆๅถๆฑฝโ้ๆฟ๏ผๅ้ฒๅ
งไนพใๆ่ฟ็ซ็ๅๅ ใ
ไธ๏ผๆป
่ทก
Extinguishing Protocol:
1. Stop adding fuel 30-60 min before you need the fire out
2. Let wood burn down to ash
3. Spread coals and ash with a stick
4. Douse with water (pour, stir, pour again)
5. Feel with the back of your hand 10 cm / 4 in above the ashes
6. If any warmth is felt, repeat douse-stir-douse
7. When cold to touch, scatter the ash over a wide area
8. Replace any ground cover or duff that was moved
9. "Could someone walk by and not know a fire was here?"
ๅพ๏ผๅฐๅทใ็กๅฏ่ฆ็ญใไผผๆชๆพใ
ๆ๏ผ็กๆฐดโไปฅ็คฆๅ๏ผ้ๆๆฉ่
่๏ผๆๆถ็๏ผๅใๆชๅฏๅไธใๆชๅทๅฟ้ขใ็ญๅๆทฑ็ฐไธโๆฅ็ฐ็กๆป
้ฒ็ญใ
้ฉ
ๅฟ
- ็ตจๆฟ๏ผๆๅธธๆไนใๅฟ
็ดฐๆผๆใๆ็ซๆญปๆจ
- ่ชๆถ๏ผ้ๆฅๅ ๆจๆทๆฐงใๆผธ้ฒไน
- ๅฟฝ้ขจ๏ผ้ขจๅฉไบฆๆฎบใ็จ้ๆฐฃใๅผๆ้ฎ็ตจ
- ๅ้กไบ๏ผ็ตจ็ๆ่ฆๆโ่ชคๆใไธๆๅ็กๅ็กๅ
- ๆฟๅฐๅฐ็ฑ๏ผไนพๆจๆผๆฟๅฐไบฆๅคฑ็ฑใๆฟๆณ็ฏๅฐ
- ๆป
ไธ็ก๏ผๅ็ญๆธๆๅพๅฏๅพฉ็ใๅฟ
ๅท่งธๆนๆญข
ๅ
purify-water โ ๆฒธๆฐด้็บ็ซ๏ผๆณ่ณดๆญคๆforage-plants โ ๅค่็บ็ตจ๏ผๆจบ็ฎใ้ฆ่ฒ็ตจใไนพ่๏ผ๏ผๆ่
้็paper-making โ ไปฅๆค็บ้ ็ด๏ผ็บๅ่ๆๆณๅ็ตจๅ
