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name openapi_docs router_kit ManagementKit description Generate comprehensive REST API documentation using SpringDoc OpenAPI 3.0 and Swagger UI in Spring Boot 3.x applications. Use when setting up API documentation, configuring Swagger UI, adding OpenAPI annotations, implementing security documentation, or enhancing REST endpoints with examples and schemas. allowed-tools Read, Write, Bash, Grep category backend tags ["accessibility","api integration","api-documentation","backend","browser apis","client-side","components","css3","debugging","deployment","frameworks","frontend","fullstack","html5","javascript","libraries","node.js","npm","openapi","openapi docs","performance optimization","responsive design","seo","spring-boot","springdoc","state management","swagger","testing","typescript","ui/ux","web development"] version 1.1.0 metadata {"skillport":{"category":"auto-healed","tags":["openapi_docs","openapi_docs"]}}
Spring Boot OpenAPI Documentation with SpringDoc
Implement comprehensive REST API documentation using SpringDoc OpenAPI 3.0 and Swagger UI in Spring Boot 3.x applications.
When to Use
Use this skill when you need to:
Set up SpringDoc OpenAPI in Spring Boot 3.x projects
Generate OpenAPI 3.0 specifications for REST APIs
Configure and customize Swagger UI
Add detailed API documentation with annotations
Document request/response models with validation
Implement API security documentation (JWT, OAuth2, Basic Auth)
Document pageable and sortable endpoints
Add examples and schemas to API endpoints
Customize OpenAPI definitions programmatically
Generate API documentation for WebMvc or WebFlux applications
Support multiple API groups and versions
Document error responses and exception handlers
Add JSR-303 Bean Validation to API documentation
Support Kotlin-based Spring Boot APIs
Setup Dependencies
Add Maven Dependencies
<dependency >
<groupId > org.springdoc</groupId >
<artifactId > springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId >
<version > 2.8.13</version > // Use latest stable version
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > com.github.therapi</groupId >
<artifactId > therapi-runtime-javadoc</artifactId >
<version > 0.15.0</version > // Use latest stable version
<scope >
</scope >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId >
</groupId >
<artifactId >
</artifactId >
<version >
</version >
</dependency >
Add Gradle Dependencies // Standard WebMVC support
implementation 'org.springdoc:springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui:2.8.13'
// Optional: therapi-runtime-javadoc for JavaDoc support
implementation 'com.github.therapi:therapi-runtime-javadoc:0.15.0'
// WebFlux support
implementation 'org.springdoc:springdoc-openapi-starter-webflux-ui:2.8.13'
Configure SpringDoc
Basic Configuration # application.properties
springdoc.api-docs.path=/api-docs
springdoc.swagger-ui.path=/swagger-ui-custom.html
springdoc.swagger-ui.operationsSorter=method
springdoc.swagger-ui.tagsSorter=alpha
springdoc.swagger-ui.enabled=true
springdoc.api-docs.enabled=true
springdoc.packages-to-scan=com.example.controller
springdoc.paths-to-match=/api/**
springdoc:
api-docs:
path: /api-docs
enabled: true
swagger-ui:
path: /swagger-ui.html
enabled: true
operationsSorter: method
tagsSorter: alpha
tryItOutEnabled: true
packages-to-scan: com.example.controller
paths-to-match: /api/**
Access Endpoints
OpenAPI JSON : http://localhost:8080/v3/api-docsOpenAPI YAML : http://localhost:8080/v3/api-docs.yamlSwagger UI : http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html
Document Controllers
Basic Controller Documentation import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponses;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/books")
@Tag(name = "Book", description = "Book management APIs")
public class BookController {
@Operation(
summary = "Retrieve a book by ID",
description = "Get a Book object by specifying its ID. The response includes id, title, author and description."
)
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(
responseCode = "200",
description = "Successfully retrieved book",
content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = Book.class))
),
@ApiResponse(
responseCode = "404",
description = "Book not found"
)
})
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Book findById (
@Parameter(description = "ID of book to retrieve", required = true)
@PathVariable Long id
) {
return repository.findById(id)
.orElseThrow(() -> new BookNotFoundException ());
}
}
Document Request Bodies import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.parameters.RequestBody;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.ExampleObject;
@Operation(summary = "Create a new book")
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
public Book createBook (
@RequestBody(
description = "Book to create",
required = true,
content = @Content(
schema = @Schema(implementation = Book.class),
examples = @ExampleObject(
value = """
{
"title": "Clean Code",
"author": "Robert C. Martin",
"isbn": "978-0132350884",
"description": "A handbook of agile software craftsmanship"
}
"""
)
)
)
Book book
) {
return repository.save(book);
}
Document Models
Entity with Validation import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.*;
@Entity
@Schema(description = "Book entity representing a published book")
public class Book {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Schema(description = "Unique identifier", example = "1", accessMode = Schema.AccessMode.READ_ONLY)
private Long id;
@NotBlank(message = "Title is required")
@Size(min = 1, max = 200)
@Schema(description = "Book title", example = "Clean Code", required = true, maxLength = 200)
private String title;
@Pattern(regexp = "^(?:ISBN(?:-1[03])?:? )?(?=[0-9X]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){3})[- 0-9X]{13}$|97[89][0-9]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){4})[- 0-9]{17}$)(?:97[89][- ]?)?[0-9]{1,5}[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9X]$")
@Schema(description = "ISBN number", example = "978-0132350884")
private String isbn;
}
Hidden Fields @Schema(hidden = true)
private String internalField;
@JsonIgnore
@Schema(accessMode = Schema.AccessMode.READ_ONLY)
private LocalDateTime createdAt;
Document Security
JWT Bearer Authentication import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.security.SecurityRequirement;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.Components;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
@Configuration
public class OpenAPISecurityConfig {
@Bean
public OpenAPI customOpenAPI () {
return new OpenAPI ()
.components(new Components ()
.addSecuritySchemes("bearer-jwt" , new SecurityScheme ()
.type(SecurityScheme.Type.HTTP)
.scheme("bearer" )
.bearerFormat("JWT" )
.description("JWT authentication" )
)
);
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/books")
@SecurityRequirement(name = "bearer-jwt")
public class BookController {
}
OAuth2 Configuration import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.OAuthFlow;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.OAuthFlows;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.Scopes;
@Bean
public OpenAPI customOpenAPI () {
return new OpenAPI ()
.components(new Components ()
.addSecuritySchemes("oauth2" , new SecurityScheme ()
.type(SecurityScheme.Type.OAUTH2)
.flows(new OAuthFlows ()
.authorizationCode(new OAuthFlow ()
.authorizationUrl("https://auth.example.com/oauth/authorize" )
.tokenUrl("https://auth.example.com/oauth/token" )
.scopes(new Scopes ()
.addString("read" , "Read access" )
.addString("write" , "Write access" )
)
)
)
)
);
}
Document Pagination
Spring Data Pageable Support import org.springdoc.core.annotations.ParameterObject;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
@Operation(summary = "Get paginated list of books")
@GetMapping("/paginated")
public Page<Book> findAllPaginated (
@ParameterObject Pageable pageable
) {
return repository.findAll(pageable);
}
Advanced Configuration
Multiple API Groups import org.springdoc.core.models.GroupedOpenApi;
@Bean
public GroupedOpenApi publicApi () {
return GroupedOpenApi.builder()
.group("public" )
.pathsToMatch("/api/public/**" )
.build();
}
@Bean
public GroupedOpenApi adminApi () {
return GroupedOpenApi.builder()
.group("admin" )
.pathsToMatch("/api/admin/**" )
.build();
}
Custom Operation Customizer import org.springdoc.core.customizers.OperationCustomizer;
@Bean
public OperationCustomizer customizeOperation () {
return (operation, handlerMethod) -> {
operation.addExtension("x-custom-field" , "custom-value" );
return operation;
};
}
Hide Endpoints @Operation(hidden = true)
@GetMapping("/internal")
public String internalEndpoint () {
return "Hidden from docs" ;
}
@Hidden
@RestController
public class InternalController {
}
Document Exception Responses
Global Exception Handler import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(BookNotFoundException.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
@Operation(hidden = true)
public ErrorResponse handleBookNotFound (BookNotFoundException ex) {
return new ErrorResponse ("BOOK_NOT_FOUND" , ex.getMessage());
}
@ExceptionHandler(ValidationException.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
@Operation(hidden = true)
public ErrorResponse handleValidation (ValidationException ex) {
return new ErrorResponse ("VALIDATION_ERROR" , ex.getMessage());
}
}
@Schema(description = "Error response")
public record ErrorResponse (
@Schema(description = "Error code", example = "BOOK_NOT_FOUND")
String code,
@Schema(description = "Error message", example = "Book with ID 123 not found")
String message,
@Schema(description = "Timestamp", example = "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z")
LocalDateTime timestamp
) {}
Build Integration
Maven Plugin <plugin >
<groupId > org.springdoc</groupId >
<artifactId > springdoc-openapi-maven-plugin</artifactId >
<version > 1.4</version >
<executions >
<execution >
<phase > integration-test</phase >
<goals >
<goal > generate</goal >
</goals >
</execution >
</executions >
<configuration >
<apiDocsUrl > http://localhost:8080/v3/api-docs</apiDocsUrl >
<outputFileName > openapi.json</outputFileName >
<outputDir > ${project.build.directory}</outputDir >
</configuration >
</plugin >
Gradle Plugin plugins {
id 'org.springdoc.openapi-gradle-plugin' version '1.9.0'
}
openApi {
apiDocsUrl = "http://localhost:8080/v3/api-docs"
outputDir = file("$buildDir/docs")
outputFileName = "openapi.json"
}
Examples
Complete REST Controller Example import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Content;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponses;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.security.SecurityRequirement;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springdoc.core.annotations.ParameterObject;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import jakarta.validation.Valid;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/books")
@Tag(name = "Book", description = "Book management APIs")
@SecurityRequirement(name = "bearer-jwt")
public class BookController {
private final BookService bookService;
public BookController (BookService bookService) {
this .bookService = bookService;
}
@Operation(summary = "Get all books")
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(
responseCode = "200",
description = "Found all books",
content = @Content(
mediaType = "application/json",
array = @ArraySchema(schema = @Schema(implementation = Book.class))
)
)
})
@GetMapping
public List<Book> getAllBooks () {
return bookService.getAllBooks();
}
@Operation(summary = "Get paginated books")
@GetMapping("/paginated")
public Page<Book> getBooksPaginated (@ParameterObject Pageable pageable) {
return bookService.getBooksPaginated(pageable);
}
@Operation(summary = "Get book by ID")
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "Book found"),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Book not found")
})
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Book getBookById (@PathVariable Long id) {
return bookService.getBookById(id);
}
@Operation(summary = "Create new book")
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "201", description = "Book created successfully"),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "Invalid input")
})
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
public Book createBook (@Valid @RequestBody Book book) {
return bookService.createBook(book);
}
@Operation(summary = "Update book")
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200", description = "Book updated"),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Book not found")
})
@PutMapping("/{id}")
public Book updateBook (@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Book book) {
return bookService.updateBook(id, book);
}
@Operation(summary = "Delete book")
@ApiResponses(value = {
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "204", description = "Book deleted"),
@ApiResponse(responseCode = "404", description = "Book not found")
})
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
public void deleteBook (@PathVariable Long id) {
bookService.deleteBook(id);
}
}
Best Practices
Use descriptive operation summaries and descriptions
Summary: Short, clear statement (< 120 chars)
Description: Detailed explanation with use cases
Document all response codes
Include success (2xx), client errors (4xx), server errors (5xx)
Provide meaningful descriptions for each
Add examples to request/response bodies
Use @ExampleObject for realistic examples
Include edge cases when relevant
Leverage JSR-303 validation annotations
SpringDoc auto-generates constraints from validation annotations
Reduces duplication between code and documentation
Use @ParameterObject for complex parameters
Especially useful for Pageable, custom filter objects
Keeps controller methods clean
Group related endpoints with @Tag
Organize API by domain entities or features
Use consistent tag names across controllers
Document security requirements
Apply @SecurityRequirement where authentication needed
Configure security schemes globally in OpenAPI bean
Hide internal/admin endpoints appropriately
Use @Hidden or create separate API groups
Prevent exposing internal implementation details
Customize Swagger UI for better UX
Enable filtering, sorting, try-it-out features
Set appropriate default behaviors
Version your API documentation
Include version in OpenAPI Info
Consider multiple API groups for versioned APIs
Common Annotations Reference
Core Annotations
@Tag: Group operations under a tag@Operation: Describe a single API operation@ApiResponse / @ApiResponses: Document response codes@Parameter: Document a single parameter@RequestBody: Document request body (OpenAPI version)@Schema: Document model schema@SecurityRequirement: Apply security to operations@Hidden: Hide from documentation@ParameterObject: Document complex objects as parameters
Validation Annotations (Auto-documented)
@NotNull, @NotBlank, @NotEmpty: Required fields@Size(min, max): String/collection length constraints@Min, @Max: Numeric range constraints@Pattern: Regex validation@Email: Email validation@DecimalMin, @DecimalMax: Decimal constraints@Positive, @PositiveOrZero, @Negative, @NegativeOrZero
Troubleshooting For common issues and solutions, refer to the troubleshooting guide in @references/troubleshooting.md
Related Skills
spring-boot-rest-api-standards - REST API design standardsspring-boot-dependency-injection - Dependency injection patternsunit-test-controller-layer - Testing REST controllersspring-boot-actuator - Production monitoring and management
References
🔄 Workflow
Aşama 1: Configuration
Aşama 2: Documentation Layer
Aşama 3: Enhancement
Kontrol Noktaları Aşama Doğrulama 1 /v3/api-docs JSON dönüyor mu?2 Swagger UI'da "Try it out" butonu çalışıyor mu (CORS/Auth sorunu var mı)? 3 Enum değerleri ve required alanlar dokümanda doğru görünüyor mu?
