secrets-management

# Secrets Management Secure secrets management practices for CI/CD pipelines using Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, and other tools. ## Purpose Implement secure secrets management in CI/CD pipelines without hardcoding sensitive information. ## When to Use - Store API keys and credentials - Manage database passwords - Handle TLS certificates - Rotate secrets automatically - Implement least-privilege access ## Secrets Management Tools ### HashiCorp Vault - Centralized secrets management - Dynamic secrets generation - Secret rotation - Audit logging - Fine-grained access control ### AWS Secrets Manager - AWS-native solution - Automatic rotation - Integration with RDS - CloudFormation support ### Azure Key Vault - Azure-native solution - HSM-backed keys - Certificate management - RBAC integration ### Google Secret Manager - GCP-native solution - Versioning - IAM integration ## HashiCorp Vault Integration ### Setup Vault ```bash # Start Vault dev server vault server -dev # Set environment export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200' export VAULT_TOKEN='root' # Enable secrets engine vault secrets enable -path=secret kv-v2 # Store secret vault kv put secret/database/config username=admin password=secret ``` ### GitHub Actions with Vault ```yaml name: Deploy with Vault Secrets on: [push] jobs: deploy: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Import Secrets from Vault uses: hashicorp/vault-action@v2 with: url: https://vault.example.com:8200 token: ${{ secrets.VAULT_TOKEN }} secrets: | secret/data/database username | DB_USERNAME ; secret/data/database password | DB_PASSWORD ; secret/data/api key | API_KEY - name: Use secrets run: | echo "Connecting to database as $DB_USERNAME" # Use $DB_PASSWORD, $API_KEY ``` ### GitLab CI with Vault ```yaml deploy: image: vault:1.17 before_script: - export VAULT_ADDR=https://vault.example.com:8200 - export VAULT_TOKEN=$VAULT_TOKEN - apk add curl jq script: - | DB_PASSWORD=$(vault kv get -field=password secret/database/config) API_KEY=$(vault kv get -field=key secret/api/credentials) echo "Deploying with secrets..." # Use $DB_PASSWORD, $API_KEY ``` **Reference:** See `references/vault-setup.md` ## AWS Secrets Manager ### Store Secret ```bash aws secretsmanager create-secret \ --name production/database/password \ --secret-string "super-secret-password" ``` ### Retrieve in GitHub Actions ```yaml - name: Configure AWS credentials uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4 with: aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }} aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }} aws-region: us-west-2 - name: Get secret from AWS run: | SECRET=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value \ --secret-id production/database/password \ --query SecretString \ --output text) echo "::add-mask::$SECRET" echo "DB_PASSWORD=$SECRET" >> $GITHUB_ENV - name: Use secret run: | # Use $DB_PASSWORD ./deploy.sh ``` ### Terraform with AWS Secrets Manager ```hcl data "aws_secretsmanager_secret_version" "db_password" { secret_id = "production/database/password" } resource "aws_db_instance" "main" { allocated_storage = 100 engine = "postgres" instance_class = "db.t3.large" username = "admin" password = jsondecode(data.aws_secretsmanager_secret_version.db_password.secret_string)["password"] } ``` ## GitHub Secrets ### Organization/Repository Secrets ```yaml - name: Use GitHub secret env: API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }} DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }} run: | # Secrets are injected as env vars — never print them to logs ./deploy.sh ``` ### Environment Secrets ```yaml deploy: runs-on: ubuntu-latest environment: production steps: - name: Deploy env: PROD_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PROD_API_KEY }} run: | # Secret injected as env var — never print to logs ./deploy.sh ``` **Reference:** See `references/github-secrets.md` ## GitLab CI/CD Variables ### Project Variables ```yaml deploy: script: - echo "Deploying with $API_KEY" - echo "Database: $DATABASE_URL" ``` ### Protected and Masked Variables - Protected: Only available in protected branches - Masked: Hidden in job logs - File type: Stored as file ## Best Practices 1. **Never commit secrets** to Git 2. **Use different secrets** per environment 3. **Rotate secrets regularly** 4. **Implement least-privilege access** 5. **Enable audit logging** 6. **Use secret scanning** (GitGuardian, TruffleHog) 7. **Mask secrets in logs** 8. **Encrypt secrets at rest** 9. **Use short-lived tokens** when possible 10. **Document secret requirements** ## Secret Rotation ### Automated Rotation with AWS ```python import boto3 import json def lambda_handler(event, context): client = boto3.client('secretsmanager') # Get current secret response = client.get_secret_value(SecretId='my-secret') current_secret = json.loads(response['SecretString']) # Generate new password new_password = generate_strong_password() # Update database password update_database_password(new_password) # Update secret client.put_secret_value( SecretId='my-secret', SecretString=json.dumps({ 'username': current_secret['username'], 'password': new_password }) ) return {'statusCode': 200} ``` ### Manual Rotation Process 1. Generate new secret 2. Update secret in secret store 3. Update applications to use new secret 4. Verify functionality 5. Revoke old secret ## External Secrets Operator ### Kubernetes Integration ```yaml apiVersion: external-secrets.io/v1beta1 kind: SecretStore metadata: name: vault-backend namespace: production spec: provider: vault: server: "https://vault.example.com:8200" path: "secret" version: "v2" auth: kubernetes: mountPath: "kubernetes" role: "production" --- apiVersion: external-secrets.io/v1beta1 kind: ExternalSecret metadata: name: database-credentials namespace: production spec: refreshInterval: 1h secretStoreRef: name: vault-backend kind: SecretStore target: name: database-credentials creationPolicy: Owner data: - secretKey: username remoteRef: key: database/config property: username - secretKey: password remoteRef: key: database/config property: password ``` ## Secret Scanning ### Pre-commit Hook ```bash #!/bin/bash # .git/hooks/pre-commit # Check for secrets with TruffleHog docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/repo" \ trufflesecurity/trufflehog:3.88 \ filesystem --directory=/repo if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "❌ Secret detected! Commit blocked." exit 1 fi ``` ### CI/CD Secret Scanning ```yaml secret-scan: stage: security image: trufflesecurity/trufflehog:3.88 script: - trufflehog filesystem . allow_failure: false ``` ## Related Skills - `github-actions-templates` - For GitHub Actions integration - `gitlab-ci-patterns` - For GitLab CI integration - `deployment-pipeline-design` - For pipeline architecture