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helm Design, organize, and manage Helm charts for templating and packaging Kubernetes applications with reusable configurations. Use when creating Helm charts, packaging Kubernetes applications, or implementing templated deployments.
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name helm description Design, organize, and manage Helm charts for templating and packaging Kubernetes applications with reusable configurations. Use when creating Helm charts, packaging Kubernetes applications, or implementing templated deployments.
Helm Overview
Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes that:
Templates Kubernetes manifests for reusability
Manages application releases and rollbacks
Handles dependencies between charts
Provides version control for deployments
Simplifies configuration management across environments
Step-by-Step Workflow
1. Initialize Chart Structure
Create new chart:
helm create my-app
Standard chart structure:
my-app/
├── Chart.yaml # Chart metadata
├── values.yaml # Default configuration values
├── charts/ # Chart dependencies
├── templates/ # Kubernetes manifest templates
│ ├── NOTES.txt # Post-install notes
│ ├── _helpers.tpl # Template helpers
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── service.yaml
│ ├── ingress.yaml
│ ├── serviceaccount.yaml
│ ├── hpa.yaml
│ └── tests/
│ └── test-connection.yaml
└── .helmignore # Files to ignore
2. Configure Chart.yaml
Chart metadata defines the package:
apiVersion: v2
name: my-app
description: A Helm chart for My Application
type:
application
version:
1.0
.0
appVersion:
"2.1.0"
keywords:
-
web
-
api
-
backend
maintainers:
-
name:
DevOps
Team
email:
devops@example.com
url:
https://github.com/example/my-app
sources:
-
https://github.com/example/my-app
home:
https://example.com
icon:
https://example.com/icon.png
dependencies:
-
name:
postgresql
version:
"12.0.0"
repository:
<specified>
condition:
postgresql.enabled
-
name:
redis
version:
"17.0.0"
repository:
<specified>
condition:
redis.enabled
Reference: See assets/Chart.yaml.template for complete example
3. Design values.yaml Structure Organize values hierarchically:
image:
repository: myapp
tag: "1.0.0"
pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
replicaCount: 3
service:
type: ClusterIP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
ingress:
enabled: false
className: nginx
hosts:
- host: app.example.com
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
resources:
requests:
memory: "256Mi"
cpu: "250m"
limits:
memory: "512Mi"
cpu: "500m"
autoscaling:
enabled: false
minReplicas: 2
maxReplicas: 10
targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 80
env:
- name: LOG_LEVEL
value: "info"
configMap:
data:
APP_MODE: production
postgresql:
enabled: true
auth:
database: myapp
username: myapp
redis:
enabled: false
4. Create Template Files Use Go templating with Helm functions:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ include "my-app.fullname" . }}
labels:
{{- include "my-app.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
spec:
{{- if not .Values.autoscaling.enabled }}
replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }}
{{- end }}
selector:
matchLabels:
{{- include "my-app.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}
template:
metadata:
labels:
{{- include "my-app.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
spec:
containers:
- name: {{ .Chart.Name }}
image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }} :{{ .Values.image.tag | default .Chart.AppVersion }} "
imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: {{ .Values.service.targetPort }}
resources:
{{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 12 }}
env:
{{- toYaml .Values.env | nindent 12 }}
5. Create Template Helpers {{/*
Expand the name of the chart.
*/ }}
{{- define "my-app.name" - }}
{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- end }}
{{/*
Create a default fully qualified app name.
*/ }}
{{- define "my-app.fullname" - }}
{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }}
{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- else }}
{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }}
{{- if contains $name .Release.Name }}
{{- .Release.Name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- else }}
{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{/*
Common labels
*/ }}
{{- define "my-app.labels" - }}
helm.sh/chart: {{ include "my-app.chart" . }}
{{ include "my-app.selectorLabels" . }}
{{- if .Chart.AppVersion }}
app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }}
{{- end }}
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
{{- end }}
{{/*
Selector labels
*/ }}
{{- define "my-app.selectorLabels" - }}
app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "my-app.name" . }}
app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
{{- end }}
6. Manage Dependencies Add dependencies in Chart.yaml:
dependencies:
- name: postgresql
version: "12.0.0"
repository: <specified>
condition: postgresql.enabled
helm dependency update
helm dependency build
Override dependency values:
postgresql:
enabled: true
auth:
database: myapp
username: myapp
password: changeme
primary:
persistence:
enabled: true
size: 10Gi
7. Test and Validate
helm lint my-app/
helm install my-app ./my-app --dry-run --debug
helm template my-app ./my-app
helm template my-app ./my-app -f values-prod.yaml
helm show values ./my-app
#!/bin/bash
set -e
echo "Linting chart..."
helm lint .
echo "Testing template rendering..."
helm template test-release . --dry-run
echo "Checking for required values..."
helm template test-release . --validate
echo "All validations passed!"
8. Package and Distribute helm repo add my-repo https://charts.example.com
helm repo update
helm install my-app my-repo/my-app
9. Multi-Environment Configuration Environment-specific values files:
my-app/
├── values.yaml # Defaults
├── values-dev.yaml # Development
├── values-staging.yaml # Staging
└── values-prod.yaml # Production
replicaCount: 5
image:
tag: "2.1.0"
resources:
requests:
memory: "512Mi"
cpu: "500m"
limits:
memory: "1Gi"
cpu: "1000m"
autoscaling:
enabled: true
minReplicas: 3
maxReplicas: 20
ingress:
enabled: true
hosts:
- host: app.example.com
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
postgresql:
enabled: true
primary:
persistence:
size: 100Gi
Install with environment:
helm install my-app ./my-app -f values-prod.yaml --namespace staging
10. Implement Hooks and Tests
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: {{ include "my-app.fullname" . }}-db-setup
annotations:
"helm.sh/hook": pre-install
"helm.sh/hook-weight": "-5"
"helm.sh/hook-delete-policy": hook-succeeded
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: db-setup
image: postgres:15
command: ["psql" , "-c" , "CREATE DATABASE myapp" ]
restartPolicy: Never
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: "{{ include "my-app.fullname" . }} -test-connection"
annotations:
"helm.sh/hook": test
spec:
containers:
- name: wget
image: busybox
command: ['wget' ]
args: ['{{ include "my-app.fullname" . }}:{{ .Values.service.port }}' ]
restartPolicy: Never
Common Patterns
Pattern 1: Conditional Resources {{- if .Values.ingress.enabled }}
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: {{ include "my-app.fullname" . }}
spec:
{{- end }}
Pattern 2: Iterating Over Lists env:
{{- range .Values.env }}
- name: {{ .name }}
value: {{ .value | quote }}
{{- end }}
Pattern 3: Including Files data:
config.yaml: |
{{- .Files.Get "config/application.yaml" | nindent 4 }}
Pattern 4: Global Values global:
imageRegistry: docker.io
imagePullSecrets:
- name: regcred
image: {{ .Values.global.imageRegistry }}/{{ .Values.image.repository }}
Best Practices
Use semantic versioning for chart and app versionsDocument all values in values.yaml with commentsUse template helpers for repeated logicValidate charts before packagingPin dependency versions explicitlyUse conditions for optional resourcesFollow naming conventions (lowercase, hyphens)Include NOTES.txt with usage instructionsAdd labels consistently using helpersTest installations in all environments
Troubleshooting Template rendering errors:
helm template my-app ./my-app --debug
helm dependency update
helm dependency list
helm install my-app ./my-app --dry-run --debug
kubectl get events --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'
