image-processing

# Image Processing Image manipulation using Python and Pillow (PIL). ## Resize image ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image img = Image.open('input.jpg') # Resize to specific dimensions resized = img.resize((800, 600), Image.LANCZOS) resized.save('resized.jpg') # Resize keeping aspect ratio img.thumbnail((800, 800), Image.LANCZOS) img.save('thumbnail.jpg') print('Done') " ``` ## Convert format ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image img = Image.open('input.png') # PNG to JPEG (must convert RGBA to RGB) if img.mode == 'RGBA': img = img.convert('RGB') img.save('output.jpg', 'JPEG', quality=90) # JPEG to PNG # img = Image.open('input.jpg') # img.save('output.png', 'PNG') # Convert to WebP # img.save('output.webp', 'WEBP', quality=85) print('Converted successfully') " ``` ## Crop image ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image img = Image.open('input.jpg') # Crop box: (left, upper, right, lower) cropped = img.crop((100, 100, 500, 400)) cropped.save('cropped.jpg') print(f'Cropped from {img.size} to {cropped.size}') " ``` ## Add text overlay ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont img = Image.open('input.jpg') draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # Use default font (or specify a TTF path) try: font = ImageFont.truetype('/System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.ttc', 36) except OSError: font = ImageFont.load_default() text = 'Hello World' # Draw text with shadow for readability draw.text((12, 12), text, fill='black', font=font) draw.text((10, 10), text, fill='white', font=font) img.save('with_text.jpg') print('Text overlay added') " ``` ## Create thumbnail ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image img = Image.open('input.jpg') sizes = [(128, 128), (256, 256), (512, 512)] for size in sizes: thumb = img.copy() thumb.thumbnail(size, Image.LANCZOS) thumb.save(f'thumb_{size[0]}x{size[1]}.jpg') print(f'Created thumb_{size[0]}x{size[1]}.jpg') " ``` ## Get image metadata ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS import json img = Image.open('input.jpg') info = { 'format': img.format, 'mode': img.mode, 'size': {'width': img.size[0], 'height': img.size[1]}, } # Extract EXIF data if present exif = img.getexif() if exif: info['exif'] = {} for tag_id, value in exif.items(): tag = TAGS.get(tag_id, tag_id) try: info['exif'][str(tag)] = str(value) except Exception: pass print(json.dumps(info, indent=2)) " ``` ## Optimize/compress ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image import os img = Image.open('input.jpg') original_size = os.path.getsize('input.jpg') # Optimize JPEG if img.mode == 'RGBA': img = img.convert('RGB') img.save('optimized.jpg', 'JPEG', quality=80, optimize=True) new_size = os.path.getsize('optimized.jpg') ratio = (1 - new_size / original_size) * 100 print(f'Original: {original_size:,} bytes') print(f'Optimized: {new_size:,} bytes') print(f'Saved: {ratio:.1f}%') " ``` ## Batch process ```bash python3 -c " from PIL import Image import os, glob input_dir = 'images' output_dir = 'processed' os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True) for filepath in glob.glob(os.path.join(input_dir, '*')): try: img = Image.open(filepath) # Resize all to max 1024px wide if img.width > 1024: ratio = 1024 / img.width new_size = (1024, int(img.height * ratio)) img = img.resize(new_size, Image.LANCZOS) if img.mode == 'RGBA': img = img.convert('RGB') name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filepath))[0] out_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f'{name}.jpg') img.save(out_path, 'JPEG', quality=85, optimize=True) print(f'Processed: {filepath} -> {out_path}') except Exception as e: print(f'Skipped {filepath}: {e}') " ```