MP-AI-20/mechanical-engineering-skills - 第 13 页

resistance-welding

Resistance welding — spot (RSW), seam, projection, flash butt, nugget formation, heat generation Q=I²Rt, electrode force, weld schedule, lobe curve, AWS C1.1, automotive applications.

原文语言：英语

rigid-coupling

Rigid coupling design — flanged couplings (AGMA 9009, torque capacity, bolt pattern), sleeve/muff couplings, clamp couplings (split), key-and-keyway (ANSI B17.1, shear and bearing stress), interference fit (fretting fatigue), axial force from thermal…

原文语言：英语

riser-design

Marine riser design — top-tension risers (TTR), steel catenary risers (SCR), flexible risers (lazy-wave, steep-wave, pliant-wave), static and dynamic analysis, riser mechanics (tension, bending, pressure, hang-off angle), vortex-induced vibration (VIV,…

原文语言：英语

rivet-joints

Rivet joint design — shear failure (single/double shear), bearing stress (on plate and rivet), tearing (net section), joint efficiency, rivet patterns (lap, butt, multiple row), pitch and spacing (AISC/ASME), solid vs. blind rivets (AN/MS aerospace), rivet…

原文语言：英语

robot-calibration

Robot calibration — kinematic calibration (DH parameter identification, joint offset, link length, twist angle), pose measurement (laser tracker, CMM, photogrammetry, API T3), error model (differential kinematics, Jacobian), identification algorithm…

原文语言：英语

robot-dynamics

Robot dynamics — Euler-Lagrange equations of motion, Newton-Euler recursive algorithm, inertia matrix, Coriolis and centrifugal matrix, gravity vector, joint torque/force calculation, dynamic model identification (IDIM, least-squares), friction models…

原文语言：英语

robot-path-planning

Robot path planning — configuration space (C-space), RRT/RRT* (rapidly-exploring random trees), PRM (probabilistic roadmap), A* and Dijkstra graph search, potential fields, trajectory optimization (CHOMP, STOMP, TrajOpt), joint-space vs. Cartesian-space…

原文语言：英语

robot-sensors

Robot sensors — encoders (incremental/absolute, resolution, accuracy), force-torque sensors (ATI, Schunk, 6-DOF wrench measurement), tactile sensors (capacitive, piezoresistive arrays), proximity sensors (laser rangefinder, ultrasonic, capacitive), vision…

原文语言：英语

robot-simulation

Robot simulation — rigid body dynamics engines (ODE, Bullet, MuJoCo, Drake), kinematic simulation (ROS/Gazebo, URDF/SDF), physics fidelity (contacts, friction, deformable bodies), sim-to-real transfer (domain randomization, domain adaptation), simulation for…

原文语言：英语

robot-trajectory

Robot trajectory planning — joint-space vs. Cartesian, trapezoidal velocity profile, 5th-degree polynomial, DH parameters, inverse kinematics, singularities, jerk-limited motion, OMPL/MoveIt.

原文语言：英语

robotics-kinematics

Robotics kinematics — forward/inverse kinematics, DH parameters, transformation matrices, workspace analysis, singularities, Jacobian, velocity kinematics, robot types (serial/parallel/SCARA).

原文语言：英语

robust-control

Robust control — H∞ synthesis (mixed sensitivity, S/KS/T weighting), μ-synthesis (structured singular value, D-K iteration), loop shaping (Glover-McFarlane), uncertainty modeling (additive, multiplicative, structured, parametric), robust stability condition…

原文语言：英语

robust-design

Robust design (Taguchi method) — parameter design, tolerance design, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N: nominal-is-best, smaller-is-better, larger-is-better), orthogonal arrays (L9, L18, L27), control vs. noise factors, outer array experiment, ANOVA for factor…

原文语言：英语

rocket-nozzle

Rocket nozzle design — isentropic flow (area-Mach relation, throat conditions), bell nozzle (parabolic approximation, Rao optimization), method of characteristics (MOC) for ideal contour, nozzle performance (thrust, specific impulse Isp, thrust coefficient…

原文语言：英语

rocket-propulsion

Rocket propulsion — specific impulse, thrust equation, rocket nozzle design (isentropic), ideal rocket equation, propellant types, chamber conditions, combustion stability.

原文语言：英语

roll-forming

Roll forming process design — pass schedule (number of passes, bend angle per pass), flower pattern, springback compensation (overbend), roll tooling (material, hardness, surface finish), material selection (HSLA, stainless, coated steel), speed and…

原文语言：英语

roller-burnishing

Roller burnishing (deep rolling) — surface finish improvement (Ra 0.05–0.4 μm), compressive residual stress induction, Hertzian contact pressure, burnishing force and depth of plastic deformation, material flow (cold working hardening), ball vs. roller vs.…

原文语言：英语

room-acoustics

Room acoustics design — reverberation time (Sabine/Eyring T60), absorption coefficients (NRC, SAA), room modes (axial, tangential, oblique), speech intelligibility (STI, RASTI, C80), noise criteria (NC, RC, NR curves), HVAC noise in rooms, isolation flanking…

原文语言：英语

rotating-discs

Rotating disc and ring stresses — uniform disc, disc with central hole, variable thickness disc, burst speed, thermal stresses in discs, turbine disc design.

原文语言：英语

rotating-equipment-field-issues

Rotating equipment field troubleshooting — pump cavitation (NPSH deficit, suction conditions), pump seal failures (API 682 seal plans, seal flush plan selection, face loading), mechanical seal face wear patterns, bearing failures (overheating, spalling, false…

原文语言：英语

rotor-balancing

Rotor balancing — static and dynamic imbalance, ISO G grades, residual unbalance, influence coefficient method, field balancing, two-plane balancing.

原文语言：英语

rubber-engineering

Rubber engineering — hyperelastic material models (Mooney-Rivlin, Neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh), vulcanization and crosslink density, rubber-to-metal bonding (Chemlok), shore hardness (Shore A/D), durometer to modulus conversion, creep and stress relaxation,…

原文语言：英语

safety-integrity-level

Safety Integrity Level (SIL) determination and verification — IEC 61508/61511, LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis), PFD/PFH calculation, hardware fault tolerance (HFT), safe failure fraction (SFF), diagnostic coverage (DC), proof test intervals, SIL 1–4…

原文语言：英语

safety-relief-valve

Safety and relief valve design — ASME Section VIII UG-125 to UG-140, API 520/521/526, required relieving capacity (vapor/liquid/fire case), orifice area calculation, back pressure effects (superimposed/built-up), balanced bellows vs. conventional vs.…

原文语言：英语

sand-casting

Sand casting process — gating system design, riser sizing (Chvorinov's rule, modulus method), shrinkage, casting defects, pattern allowances, green sand vs no-bake, tolerances.

原文语言：英语

sandwich-panel

Sandwich panel structural analysis — face sheet design (Euler buckling, wrinkling), core shear (Vinson formula), bending stiffness D = E_f×t_f×d²/2, deflection with transverse shear, face dimpling, core types (honeycomb, foam, balsa), materials (CFRP/aluminum…

原文语言：英语

section-lookup

Steel section database lookup — W-shapes, S-shapes, C-channels, L-angles, HSS (rectangular/square/round), pipe sections. Properties: A, I, S, Z, r, J, Cw, dimensions. Cross-references MechEngine sections-db.js (475 sections).

原文语言：英语

seismic-design

Seismic design — ASCE 7 seismic provisions, design response spectrum, equivalent lateral force (ELF), response spectrum analysis (RSA), R/Cd factors, drift limits, base isolation, AISC 341.

原文语言：英语

seismic-isolation

Seismic isolation design — lead rubber bearings (LRB), friction pendulum systems (FPS), high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB), isolation period T_iso, effective stiffness K_eff, equivalent viscous damping β_eff, displacement demand D, ASCE 7 Chapter 17, IBC…

原文语言：英语

seismic-nuclear

Nuclear facility seismic analysis — ASCE 4 (seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures), ASCE 43 (seismic design criteria for structures, systems, and components), in-structure response spectra (ISRS), floor response spectrum generation, seismic…

原文语言：英语

sensitivity-analysis

Engineering sensitivity analysis — parameter sensitivity, Monte Carlo simulation, DOE (factorial design, RSM), FMEA, tolerance stack analysis, Taguchi methods.

原文语言：英语

separator-design

Gas-liquid separator design — two-phase and three-phase separators, Souders-Brown coefficient (K-factor), vertical vs. horizontal separator sizing, retention time, mist eliminator (wire mesh, vane pack, cyclonic), inlet devices (half-pipe, diverter plate),…

原文语言：英语

servo-control

Servo control system design — PID tuning (Ziegler-Nichols, IMC, pole placement), cascade control (inner velocity/outer position loop), feedforward, velocity and current loops, servo motor selection (torque-speed curve, back-EMF, BEMF constant), encoder…

原文语言：英语

shaft-alignment

Rotating machinery shaft alignment — types of misalignment (parallel/angular/combined), rim-and-face method, reverse indicator method, laser alignment (Optalign, Rotalign), thermal growth correction, soft foot detection and correction, alignment tolerances by…

原文语言：英语

shaft-design

Complete shaft design — combined bending+torsion, DE-Goodman/ASME-Elliptic criteria, critical speed, deflection, keyway stress concentration, bearing seat sizing. Shigley Ch.6-7.

原文语言：英语

shape-memory-alloys

Shape memory alloys — NiTi (Nitinol), one-way/two-way SME, pseudoelasticity, transformation temperatures, stress-strain, actuator design, biomedical applications, Tanaka model.

原文语言：英语

shear-stress

Shear stress — transverse shear (VQ/Ib), shear flow in thin-walled sections, shear center, horizontal shear in composite beams, direct shear, punching shear.

原文语言：英语

shell-buckling

Shell buckling analysis — cylindrical shells under axial compression (Euler, ECCS knockdown factors), external pressure buckling (ASME UG-28, Windenburg-Trilling, Windenburg chart), spherical shells under external pressure, combined loading (axial + pressure…

原文语言：英语

shell-tube-hx

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger design — TEMA types, LMTD correction, NTU-effectiveness, tube sizing, baffle spacing, pressure drop (Bell-Delaware), fouling, ASME VIII.

原文语言：英语

shell-vibration

Thin shell vibration analysis — cylindrical shell frequencies (Flügge/Donnell equations, circumferential wave number n, axial wave number m), ring frequency, breathing mode, beam mode, Rayleigh-Ritz method, fluid-filled shell (added mass), shell-fluid…

原文语言：英语