| name | external-harness-routing |
| description | Use when diverting work from the metered primary harness to other installed agent CLIs to conserve its quota or to reach models it does not offer. Triggers include "run this on a cheaper harness", "save my Claude tokens", "use another subscription for this sweep", "which agent CLIs are installed here", fan-out jobs where built-in subagents would burn the scarce pool, or before hand-rolling headless CLI calls to claude, codex, gemini, agy, opencode, kimi, qwen, or pi. |
external-harness-routing
Overview
A multi-provider setup pays off only if work actually lands on the harness whose quota is cheapest for it: subscription plans are subsidized, each provider's pool is billed separately, and some proprietary models exist in only one place. This skill covers the same-machine half of that routing: discover which agent CLIs are installed, pick the right lane by capability tier, and dispatch well-specified work to them as headless prompts with a reliable return channel.
Scope boundaries:
- Work that must happen on a different machine (hardware, OS tooling, local services): use the
agent-remote skill instead.
- Fan-out across multiple local repositories: use
fleet-orchestration, which also carries the fuller version of the tier-routing rules.
- Same-harness lanes on an acceptable pool: built-in subagents (
superpowers:dispatching-parallel-agents) are simpler - external dispatch adds a report-file indirection, so use it when the pool economics or a model you lack justify it.
Step 1: inventory what is installed
Never assume a harness exists or is logged in. Probe first:
for cli in claude codex gemini agy opencode kimi qwen pi; do
command -v "$cli" >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "$cli: $(command -v "$cli")"
done
Then verify auth on each harness you plan to use with a cheap probe: a one-line "Reply with exactly: OK" prompt under a short timeout. Three fleet-verified auth facts:
- A harness's first call after idle can fail transiently (exit 1, empty output). Retry once before concluding breakage.
- Expired OAuth cannot be fixed headlessly (e.g. a managed-provider login that wants an interactive
login command). Report it to the user and route around that harness; do not burn budget retrying.
- Quota exhaustion often fails silently: the run produces no output and just hangs. If a fresh dispatch produces nothing within a few minutes, assume exhaustion, kill it, and re-route the lane to another pool.
Step 2: pick the lane by tier, not by model name
Think in capability tiers (premium / mid / small), not vendor model names - each harness maps a tier to its own concrete model id, and that mapping belongs in your rules or memory layer, not in task briefs. The routing rules:
- The scarcest tier holds the orchestrator seat only: triage, briefs, synthesis, review, and delicate or irreversible steps. If your own session runs on a capped pool, budget it explicitly (e.g. keep the premium tier to about half the session's spend) and divert the rest.
- Mid-tier is the default for well-specified lanes, including feature implementation, multi-file refactors, and test work - not just search and mechanical edits. Modern mid-tier models are a marked step up from the ones older "mechanical only" advice was calibrated on.
- Sustained-volume work (drains, sweeps, big fan-outs) goes to whichever pool is effectively unmetered for you - but confirm it first: some "infinite" subscriptions have weekly credit caps that fail silently (see Step 1).
- Pass an explicit model on every dispatch. A lane that inherits the orchestrator's model by omission silently burns the scarce pool on work the mid tier handles fine.
- Escalate a single lane, never the fleet, and only for ambiguous architecture, an embedded product call, or a delicate step that cannot be pre-answered in the brief.
- Nested headless calls to your own metered harness cost full sessions each. A sweep is items x configs x runs sessions; do the multiplication before launching, not after the pool is gone.
- Delegate inline grunt work (log forensics, fan-out searches, mechanical edits) instead of doing it in the orchestrator seat - "it is quick, I will just do it here" is the failure mode, not a shortcut.
Step 3: the headless dispatch pattern
Each point below was learned from a real failure. The pattern:
- Write the full prompt to a file and have your driver read it from disk. Inline prompts rot under shell quoting and are impossible to review before dispatch.
- Run the dispatch as a tracked background task with a hard
timeout. Headless runs regularly outlive foreground tool-call limits, and a harness hang (below) must not strand you.
- The report file is the return channel. Require the agent to write its findings to a report file at an absolute path you choose. Stdout is bounded, buffered, or lost; "the report file does not exist" is also your cheapest failure signal.
- Absolute paths everywhere in the prompt. Several CLIs anchor relative paths against their own launch directory, not your cwd.
- Every prompt carries: "If any referenced file is missing, STOP and report BLOCKED naming it." Headless agents silently improvise from prompt context when an input file does not exist instead of flagging it. Verify every file you reference exists before dispatching.
- Scope hard: "Work ONLY in this directory. Do not edit live config, global settings, or anything outside it." An unscoped lane once rewrote the operator's live harness config.
- Attribution: commits made by an external harness land under the repo's git identity. Require the actual harness and model in a
Co-Authored-By trailer so the history stays attributable.
- Durable writes: if the lane is allowed to write lasting notes or memory outside its worktree, require the report to list every such write so you can sanity-check them.
Per-harness cheat sheet
Verified on the author's fleet 2026-08. These CLIs drift fast - confirm any flag with <cli> --help on the current machine before scripting around it.
| CLI | Headless form | Model selection | Fleet notes |
|---|
claude | claude -p "prompt" | --model <id> | --output-format json for parsing; each -p call is a full session on the metered pool |
codex | codex exec --cd <dir> - < prompt.md | -m <id> | - reads the prompt from stdin (no shell quoting) and --cd sets the working directory - the cleanest dispatch form verified on this fleet |
gemini | gemini -p "prompt" | gemini -m <id> | print mode anchors relative paths wrong - absolute paths only |
agy | agy --model <id> --mode accept-edits --add-dir <dir> --print "<prompt>" --print-timeout 25m | agy --model <id> (not reliably honored - verify with a probe, do not assume the tier you asked for) | --print takes the prompt as its VALUE (Go-style flag parsing), not a trailing positional - putting --model after --print silently swallows it as the prompt and the session just answers with a greeting; headless file edits need --mode accept-edits (or the blanket --dangerously-skip-permissions) or the run hangs on an edit approval it cannot show; Claude Code's auto-mode classifier denies both auto-approve flags unless a user-approved "Bash(agy*)" prefix allow rule already exists in ~/.claude/settings.json - do not work around a denial, surface it; runs entirely on its own pool, zero Anthropic quota used; agy models lists ids; 60-note batches hit the 25m --print-timeout roughly 1 run in 3 under 5-way concurrency (throttling, not content - same ranges succeed on retry) - recover by recomputing a remainder manifest from which files still lack the expected edit, not from git-dirty status, since checkpoint commits make dirty-lists lie; report files stay the reliable return channel, exit code 1 with "Error: timeout waiting for response" is the timeout signature |
opencode | opencode run "prompt" |
Where a fleet dispatch library exists (the author's is llm_harness, part of schoen-lab), prefer it over hand-rolled subprocess calls: it already owns budgets, streaming, output parsing, and the quoting traps.
Detecting a hung dispatch
A hung harness burns its whole budget silently and is indistinguishable from "slow" without process inspection. Before trusting any long-running dispatch, check:
- elapsed vs CPU time (
ps -o etime,time -p <pid>): minutes elapsed with about zero CPU is a hang, not thinking;
- no child processes and no open TCP connections: it never reached the API;
- the report file (or log) has stopped growing - but ONLY as a secondary signal: some CLIs buffer stdout until completion (qwen among them), so a silent log with active children and accruing CPU is a healthy run, not a hang. A real 25-minute qwen dispatch on this fleet produced zero output while working and a correct report at the end; process inspection, not output growth, is the deciding signal.
Kill it, keep the partial log for diagnosis, and re-route the lane - do not wait it out.
Interactive use
You cannot sit inside another CLI's TUI, so "interactive" diversion has exactly two workable shapes: the user drives that harness themselves (out of band, not orchestrated by you), or you approximate interactivity by re-invoking the headless mode with follow-up prompts - some CLIs support session resume or continue flags (check --help), which makes the follow-up carry prior context instead of restating it. Headless-with-report-file remains the proven default; treat resume-based follow-ups as an optimization to verify per CLI before relying on it.
When not to route
- Judgment-heavy orchestration, final review, and delicate git or live-system steps stay in the orchestrator seat.
- Tasks that need this session's MCP servers, accumulated conversation context, or live user interaction.
- Trivial one-shot questions - dispatch overhead exceeds the savings.
- Anything built-in subagents already handle on a pool you are not trying to conserve.
Common mistakes
| Mistake | What happens | Fix |
|---|
| Assuming a CLI is installed/authed | Dispatch fails minutes in, or hangs on a login prompt | command -v inventory + cheap auth probe (Step 1) |
| Hand-rolled inline prompts | Shell quoting mangles the brief; nothing to review | Prompt file on disk, driver reads it |
| Trusting stdout as the result | Bounded/truncated/lost output, silent failure | Report file at an absolute path, required by the prompt |
| Relative paths in the prompt | Agent edits files under its own launch dir | Absolute paths only |
| No missing-file clause | Agent improvises a plausible answer from thin context | "STOP and report BLOCKED naming it" in every prompt |
| Unscoped prompt | Lane edits live config or the wrong checkout | "Work ONLY in this directory" + a worktree for write tasks |
| Omitting the model flag | Lane inherits the orchestrator's premium tier | Explicit model on every dispatch |
| Farming volume to an "infinite" pool | Weekly cap hit; runs stall silently with no error | Kill on no-output-after-minutes, re-route, verify caps first |
| Waiting out a quiet run | Hung harness burns its whole budget | Process inspection (hang detection), kill, re-route |
