ata-adrenal-crisis-treatment

name	ata-adrenal-crisis-treatment
description	Administers immediate parenteral injection of 50–100 mg hydrocortisone for suspected adrenal crisis secondary to adrenal insufficiency. Triggers include hypotension, hypoglycemia, or acute illness in a patient with known adrenal insufficiency.

Treat suspected adrenal crisis secondary to AI

STEP 1 — Gather Information

Collect history of adrenal insufficiency (especially secondary/pituitary origin), recent stressors (illness, surgery, trauma), current medications (glucocorticoid use), and assess for hypotension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, nausea, or abdominal pain. Measure vital signs and point-of-care glucose if available. If hypotension, hypoglycemia, or acute illness is present in a patient with known adrenal insufficiency, proceed to Step 2; otherwise, consider alternative diagnoses.

STEP 2 — Rule In / Rule Out

Is adrenal crisis suspected based on the triad of hypotension, hypoglycemia, or acute illness in a patient with adrenal insufficiency?

• Yes → Proceed to Step 3
• No → Seek other causes; adrenal crisis unlikely; stop algorithm

STEP 3 — Classify or Stratify

Stratify by hemodynamic severity: systolic BP <90 mmHg, altered mental status, or ongoing shock vs stable vitals.

• If systolic BP <90 mmHg, altered mental status, or signs of shock → administer 100 mg hydrocortisone
• If vitals stable but criteria met → administer 50 mg hydrocortisone

STEP 4 — Decide

Give the selected dose of hydrocortisone via immediate intravenous or intramuscular injection; repeat dose if no clinical improvement within 15–20 minutes and consider continuous infusion if refractory.

Clinical Guardrails / Mimics / Pitfalls

Do not delay treatment for confirmatory testing; avoid oral hydrocortisone if vomiting or impaired consciousness; do not use fludrocortisone in secondary AI; ensure fluid resuscitation with isotonic crystalloids; monitor for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia after steroid administration; consider sepsis or myocardial infarction as mimics that also require urgent hydrocortisone.

Concrete Clinical Example

A 45-year-old woman with known hypopituitarism presents with fever, systolic BP 85/50 mmHg, and glucose 45 mg/dL. She receives 100 mg hydrocortisone IV immediately, followed by fluid resuscitation; blood pressure improves to 110/70 mmHg within 30 minutes.

Source: Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline, Endocrine Society, 2016, DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-2118