Optimize content for AI Overviews (formerly SGE), ChatGPT web search, Perplexity, and other AI-powered search experiences. Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) analysis including brand mention signals, AI crawler accessibility, llms.txt compliance, passage-level citability scoring, and platform-specific optimization. Use when user says "AI Overviews", "SGE", "GEO", "AI search", "LLM optimization", "Perplexity", "AI citations", "ChatGPT search", or "AI visibility".
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Optimize content for AI Overviews (formerly SGE), ChatGPT web search, Perplexity, and other AI-powered search experiences. Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) analysis including brand mention signals, AI crawler accessibility, llms.txt compliance, passage-level citability scoring, and platform-specific optimization. Use when user says "AI Overviews", "SGE", "GEO", "AI search", "LLM optimization", "Perplexity", "AI citations", "ChatGPT search", or "AI visibility".
Before gathering, check .seo-cache/ for reusable context from related SEO skills.
Reference: ../seo/references/shared-data-cache.md for schemas and dependency map.
Check these cache files when present:
.seo-cache/site-meta.json for domain, business type, industry, and crawl context
.seo-cache/audit-scores.json for prior full-audit priorities
.seo-cache/pages/{url-slug}/page-analysis.json for page-level context when a URL is provided
If found: parse and use clearly valid fields (note "Using cached [X] from [date]")
If missing, corrupt, or irrelevant: continue with fresh evidence
If the user says "refresh" or "re-run": ignore cache reads and overwrite on write
Key Statistics
Metric
Value
Source
AI Overviews reach
1.5 billion users/month across 200+ countries
Google
AI Overviews query coverage
50%+ of all queries
Industry data
AI-referred sessions growth
527% (Jan-May 2025)
SparkToro
ChatGPT weekly active users
900 million
OpenAI
Perplexity monthly queries
500+ million
Perplexity
Critical Insight: Brand Mentions > Backlinks
Brand mentions correlate 3x more strongly with AI visibility than backlinks.
(Ahrefs December 2025 study of 75,000 brands)
Signal
Correlation with AI Citations
YouTube mentions
~0.737 (strongest)
Reddit mentions
High
Wikipedia presence
High
LinkedIn presence
Moderate
Domain Rating (backlinks)
~0.266 (weak)
Only 11% of domains are cited by both ChatGPT and Google AI Overviews for the same query, so platform-specific optimization is essential.
GEO Analysis Criteria (Updated)
1. Citability Score (25%)
Optimal passage length: 134-167 words for AI citation.
Strong signals:
Clear, quotable sentences with specific facts/statistics
Self-contained answer blocks (can be extracted without context)
Direct answer in first 40-60 words of section
Claims attributed with specific sources
Definitions following "X is..." or "X refers to..." patterns
Unique data points not found elsewhere
Weak signals:
Vague, general statements
Opinion without evidence
Buried conclusions
No specific data points
2. Structural Readability (20%)
92% of AI Overview citations come from top-10 ranking pages, but 47% come from pages ranking below position 5, demonstrating different selection logic.
Strong signals:
Clean H1->H2->H3 heading hierarchy
Question-based headings (matches query patterns)
Short paragraphs (2-4 sentences)
Tables for comparative data
Ordered/unordered lists for step-by-step or multi-item content
FAQ sections with clear Q&A format
Weak signals:
Wall of text with no structure
Inconsistent heading hierarchy
No lists or tables
Information buried in paragraphs
3. Multi-Modal Content (15%)
Content with multi-modal elements sees 156% higher selection rates.
Check for:
Text + relevant images
Video content (embedded or linked)
Infographics and charts
Interactive elements (calculators, tools)
Structured data supporting media
4. Authority & Brand Signals (20%)
Strong signals:
Author byline with credentials
Publication date and last-updated date
Citations to primary sources (studies, official docs, data)
Organization credentials and affiliations
Expert quotes with attribution
Entity presence in Wikipedia, Wikidata
Mentions on Reddit, YouTube, LinkedIn
Weak signals:
Anonymous authorship
No dates
No sources cited
No brand presence across platforms
5. Technical Accessibility (20%)
AI crawlers do NOT execute JavaScript. Server-side rendering is critical.
Check for:
Server-side rendering (SSR) vs client-only content
AI crawler access in robots.txt
llms.txt file presence and configuration
RSL 1.0 licensing terms
AI Crawler Detection
Check robots.txt for these AI crawlers:
Crawler
Owner
Purpose
GPTBot
OpenAI
ChatGPT web search
OAI-SearchBot
OpenAI
OpenAI search features
ChatGPT-User
OpenAI
ChatGPT browsing
AntigravityBot
Anthropic
Antigravity web features
PerplexityBot
Perplexity
Perplexity AI search
CCBot
Common Crawl
Training data (often blocked)
anthropic-ai
Anthropic
Antigravity training
Bytespider
ByteDance
TikTok/Douyin AI
cohere-ai
Cohere
Cohere models
Recommendation: Allow GPTBot, OAI-SearchBot, AntigravityBot, PerplexityBot for AI search visibility. Block CCBot and training crawlers if desired.
llms.txt Standard
The emerging llms.txt standard provides AI crawlers with structured content guidance.
Location:/llms.txt (root of domain)
Format:
# Title of site
> Brief description
## Main sections
- [Page title](url): Description
- [Another page](url): Description
## Optional: Key facts
- Fact 1
- Fact 2
Check for:
Presence of /llms.txt
Structured content guidance
Key page highlights
Contact/authority information
RSL 1.0 (Really Simple Licensing)
New standard (December 2025) for machine-readable AI licensing terms.
Content Reformatting Suggestions (specific passages to rewrite)
Quick Wins
Add "What is [topic]?" definition in first 60 words
Create 134-167 word self-contained answer blocks
Add question-based H2/H3 headings
Include specific statistics with sources
Add publication/update dates
Implement Person schema for authors
Allow key AI crawlers in robots.txt
Medium Effort
Create /llms.txt file
Add author bio with credentials + Wikipedia/LinkedIn links
Ensure server-side rendering for key content
Build entity presence on Reddit, YouTube
Add comparison tables with data
Implement FAQ sections (structured, not schema for commercial sites)
High Impact
Create original research/surveys (unique citability)
Build Wikipedia presence for brand/key people
Establish YouTube channel with content mentions
Implement comprehensive entity linking (sameAs across platforms)
Develop unique tools or calculators
DataForSEO Integration (Optional)
If DataForSEO MCP tools are available, use ai_optimization_chat_gpt_scraper to check what ChatGPT web search returns for target queries (real GEO visibility check) and ai_opt_llm_ment_search with ai_opt_llm_ment_top_domains for LLM mention tracking across AI platforms.
Error Handling
Scenario
Action
URL unreachable (DNS failure, connection refused)
Report the error clearly. Do not guess site content. Suggest the user verify the URL and try again.
AI crawlers blocked by robots.txt
Report exactly which crawlers are blocked and which are allowed. Provide specific robots.txt directives to add for enabling AI search visibility.
No llms.txt found
Note the absence and provide a ready-to-use llms.txt template based on the site's content structure.
No structured data detected
Report the gap and provide specific schema recommendations (Article, Organization, Person) for improving AI discoverability.
FLOW Framework Integration
For prompt-guided AI content optimization, use /seo flow optimize <url> — FLOW's 21 optimize-stage prompts complement GEO's citability and structure analysis with evidence-led AI prompts.
Write to shared data cache
After completing all work, write a concise JSON summary to .seo-cache/ when the workflow produced durable findings.
Use the schemas and naming rules in ../seo/references/shared-data-cache.md; include at least cache_type, analyzed_at, source URL/domain, key findings, issues, recommendations, and tool limitations. Add .seo-cache/ to .gitignore if it is missing.
Optimize this content for GEO/AI citations: [content or URL]
Make this article more likely to be cited by AI systems
Write content about [topic] optimized for both SEO and GEO
Audit this content for GEO readiness and suggest improvements
AI Overview is eating clicks on 12 head queries — build a recovery plan
See AI Overview Recovery for the 4-phase playbook (measure → diagnose → rewrite → monitor) tailored to recovery scenarios (as opposed to generic GEO optimization).
Skill Contract
Expected output: a ready-to-use asset or implementation-ready transformation plus a short handoff summary ready for memory/content/.
Reads: the brief, target keywords, entity inputs, and quality constraints. Canonical entity profiles: if the content mentions a brand / person / product, this skill MUST consult memory/entities/<slug>.md (per the entity-geo handoff schema) to populate display_name, description_short, ai_resolution_status and decide whether disambiguation boilerplate is needed. If the profile is missing or stale (>90 days), declare DONE_WITH_CONCERNS and recommend entity-optimizer as an open loop.
Writes: a user-facing content, metadata, or schema deliverable plus a reusable summary that can be stored under memory/content/.
Promotes: approved angles, messaging choices, missing evidence, and publish blockers to memory/hot-cache.md and memory/open-loops.md; propose durable decisions as pending-decision items.
Done when: each target AI query has a standalone, quotable answer block; a before/after GEO score and AI Query Coverage are reported; and the CORE-EEAT GEO self-check (C02, O03, O05, E01) has no unaddressed Fail.
Primary next skill: use the Next Best Skill below when the asset is ready for review or deployment.
Use ~~AI monitor and ~~SEO tool when connected; otherwise ask for target queries, content, engines, competitor examples, and known AI-citation gaps. See CONNECTORS.md.
Instructions
When a user requests GEO optimization, run these five steps:
Label every metric Measured (tool/export), User-provided, or Estimated (model inference); never present an estimate as measured; if a required metric is unavailable, mark it N/A — do not invent it.
Reference: See Instructions Detail for the full CORE-EEAT GEO target tables, AI engine preferences, analysis templates, optimization report template, self-check matrix, and examples.
Example
User: "Optimize this paragraph for GEO: 'Email marketing is a good way to reach customers. It's been around for a while and many businesses use it.'"
Output adds a clear definition, dated/source-backed facts, structured list, quotable statements, and a before/after GEO score. See the full pattern in Instructions Detail — Example.
GEO Optimization Checklist
Reference: See the GEO Readiness Checklist in GEO Optimization Techniques for the full checklist covering definitions, quotable content, authority, structure, and technical elements.
Tips for Success
Answer first, be specific, cite dated sources, stay current, match query format, and build authority. Full list in Instructions Detail — Tips for Success.
Save Results
On user confirmation, save to memory/content/YYYY-MM-DD-<topic>.md — see Skill Contract §Save Results Template.
Reference Materials
Instructions Detail - Full 5-step workflow, CORE-EEAT GEO targets, self-check matrix, worked example, tips
Primary: seo-content — verify the optimized content is strong enough to ship and cite.
Extended Capabilities (from blog-geo)
Scores blog posts for AI citation readiness across ChatGPT, Perplexity, and
Google AI Overviews. Generates citation capsules and a 0-100 AI Citation
Readiness score with platform-specific recommendations.
Cross-reference
This skill covers FLOW surface 3 (AI assistant citations: ChatGPT, Perplexity, Antigravity, Gemini, Copilot, You.com) and contributes to surface 2 (SERP plus AI Overviews). Surface mapping: skills/blog/references/flow-alignment.md.
For directly relevant AI-citation prompts (AI-supporting-pages-rewrite-prompt, ai-detector-test, ChatGPT discovery, visibility prompts), see /blog flow optimize.
Key Research Data
Reference these benchmarks throughout the audit:
Only 11% of domains cited by both ChatGPT and Perplexity (Digital Bloom, domain-level)
80% of LLM citations don't rank in Google's top 100 (Ahrefs)
Brands 6.5x more likely cited through third-party sources (AirOps)
120-180 word sections get 70% more ChatGPT citations (SE Ranking, Nov 2025)
Comparison tables with <thead> achieve 47% higher AI citation rates (directional)
Content freshness: 76.4% of top citations updated within 30 days (Ahrefs, ~17M citations)
Audit Process
Step 1: Read Content
Extract from the blog post:
Full content text and word count
Heading structure (H1, H2, H3 hierarchy)
Individual paragraphs and their word counts
FAQ sections (if present)
Schema markup (JSON-LD, microdata, RDFa)
robots.txt mentions or meta robots directives
Any TL;DR or summary boxes
Comparison tables and their HTML structure
Numbered/ordered lists
Definition-style formatting
Step 2: Passage-Level Citability (4 pts)
Check each section between headings for AI-extractable passages:
Check
Criteria
Word count
Each section contains 120-180 word self-contained passages
Context independence
Each passage makes sense extracted from surrounding context
Claim structure
Passages contain: specific claim + supporting evidence + source attribution
Completeness
Passage answers a question without requiring reader to read adjacent sections
Scoring: Count passages meeting all criteria vs total sections.
4 pts: 80%+ sections have citable passages
3 pts: 60-79%
2 pts: 40-59%
1 pt: 20-39%
0 pts: <20%
Step 3: Q&A Formatting (3 pts)
Check heading format and answer structure:
Check
Criteria
Question headings
60-70% of H2s are phrased as questions
Answer-first format
Opening paragraph under each H2 provides a direct answer
FAQ section
Dedicated FAQ section with structured question-answer pairs
Scoring:
3 pts: All three criteria met
2 pts: Two criteria met
1 pt: One criterion met
0 pts: None met
Step 4: Entity Clarity (3 pts)
Check topic consistency and disambiguation:
Check
Criteria
Canonical topic
One unambiguous primary topic per page
Consistent naming
Same entity name used throughout (no confusing synonyms)
Intro statement
Clear topic statement in the introduction paragraph
Title-content match
Title accurately reflects the content focus
Scoring:
3 pts: All four criteria met
2 pts: Three criteria met
1 pt: One or two criteria met
0 pts: None met
Step 5: Content Structure for Extraction (3 pts)
Check for AI-extractable content patterns:
Check
Criteria
TL;DR box
40-60 word standalone summary present at top
Comparison tables
Tables with proper HTML <thead> (47% higher citation rate)
Ordered lists
Numbered lists for processes and step-by-step instructions
Definition formatting
Key terms formatted with clear definition patterns
Citation capsules
40-60 word definitive statements in each major section
Scoring:
3 pts: 4-5 elements present
2 pts: 3 elements present
1 pt: 1-2 elements present
0 pts: None present
Step 6: AI Crawler Accessibility (2 pts)
Check technical requirements for AI crawler indexing:
Check
Criteria
Static HTML
Content rendered in static HTML, not behind JavaScript
robots.txt
Allows AI crawlers: GPTBot, ChatGPT-User, AntigravityBot, PerplexityBot
Schema in HTML
Schema markup in static HTML, not JS-injected
Page size
Reasonable page size within AI crawler limits
Scoring:
2 pts: All criteria met
1 pt: Most criteria met but one issue
0 pts: Multiple issues blocking AI crawlers
Step 7: Platform-Specific Analysis
Evaluate the post for each AI platform's citation preferences:
ChatGPT
Favors "Best X" listicles (43.8% of citations)
Prefers well-cited, authoritative content
Recency matters: recent updates get priority
Domain authority influences citation likelihood
Perplexity
Favors Reddit sources (6.6% of all citations)
Rapid content decay: 2-3 day citation window
Freshness is the most critical factor
Community-validated content preferred
Google AI Overviews
Favors Google properties (23% of citations)
High Domain Rating strongly correlated with citation
Present in 49% of SERPs
Prefers content that already ranks well organically
For each platform, provide:
Current citability rating (High / Medium / Low)
Specific improvements to increase citation likelihood
Content format recommendations
Step 8: Generate Citation Capsules
For each H2 section in the post, write a citation capsule:
Length: 40-60 words, self-contained
Structure: Specific claim + data point + source attribution
Purpose: A passage AI could directly quote as a citation
Format: Present as a suggested addition the author can embed
Example:
According to [Source], [specific claim with number]. This represents
[context/comparison], making it [significance]. [Supporting detail
that reinforces the claim].
Generate one capsule per H2 section. Label each with the section heading
it belongs under.
Step 9: Calculate AI Citation Readiness Score (0-100)
Map the 15-point subcategory scores to a 0-100 display score:
Category
Raw Points
Display Weight
Max Display Score
Passage-Level Citability
/4
x6.75
27
Q&A Formatting
/3
x6.67
20
Entity Clarity
/3
x6.67
20
Content Structure
/3
x6.67
20
AI Crawler Accessibility
/2
x6.5
13
Total
/15
100
Rating thresholds:
90-100: Excellent: highly citable by AI systems
70-89: Good: citable with minor improvements
50-69: Needs Work: significant gaps in citability
Below 50: Poor: major restructuring needed
Step 10: Generate Report
Output the following report:
## AI Citation Readiness Report: [Title]
**AI Citation Readiness Score: [X]/100**: [Rating]
### Score Breakdown
| Category | Raw | Display | Max |
|----------|-----|---------|-----|
| Passage-Level Citability | X/4 | X | 27 |
| Q&A Formatting | X/3 | X | 20 |
| Entity Clarity | X/3 | X | 20 |
| Content Structure | X/3 | X | 20 |
| AI Crawler Accessibility | X/2 | X | 13 |
| **Total** | **X/15** | **X** | **100** |
### Per-Section Citability Analysis
| Section (H2) | Word Count | Self-Contained | Claim+Evidence | Citable |
|---------------|-----------|----------------|----------------|---------|
| [heading] | [N] | Yes/No | Yes/No | Yes/No |
### Platform-Specific Optimization
#### ChatGPT
- [specific recommendations]
#### Perplexity
- [specific recommendations]
#### Google AI Overviews
- [specific recommendations]
### Generated Citation Capsules
#### [H2 Section 1]
> [40-60 word citation capsule]
#### [H2 Section 2]
> [40-60 word citation capsule]
### Technical Recommendations
- [ ] [Technical fix with specifics]
### Priority Action Items
1. [Most impactful improvement]
2. [Second most impactful]
3. [Third most impactful]
Run `/blog analyze <file>` for full content quality scoring.
Optional: Search Performance Context (seo-google)
If seo-google credentials include Tier 1 (GSC) and the post has a published URL:
