菜单
Sitework, excavation, demolition, environmental abatement, and underground utility guidance for construction PMs and field supervisors.
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基于 SOC 职业分类
Building envelope systems including curtain wall, roofing, waterproofing, cladding, and the four control layers for construction managers.
Guides PMs on contemporaneous recordkeeping, delay notices, and documentation practices that support potential construction claims.
Guides construction PMs through building commissioning, TAB, punch lists, O&M documentation, warranties, and project closeout.
Contract administration guidance for construction PMs—notice requirements, change orders, T&M documentation, claims, liens, and subcontract management.
Guidance for construction PMs on correctional facilities, jails, and detention centers including security systems, codes, and specialized building requirements.
Construction management for museums, cultural centers, galleries, archives, and institutional facilities requiring specialized environmental control and collection protection.
| name | early-phase-enabling-trades |
| description | Sitework, excavation, demolition, environmental abatement, and underground utility guidance for construction PMs and field supervisors. |
Expert-level guidance for sitework, excavation, demolition, environmental abatement, and underground utilities in commercial/institutional construction. This skill covers the critical first phases of construction that establish the foundation for all subsequent work.
| Type | Description | Max Allowable Slope | Cohesive Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type A | Clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam (ceite) | 3/4H:1V (53°) | 1.5 tsf or greater |
| Type B | Angular gravel, silt, silt loam, sandy loam, previously disturbed soils | 1H:1V (45°) | 0.5-1.5 tsf |
| Type C | Gravel, sand, loamy sand, submerged soil, unstable rock | 1.5H:1V (34°) | Less than 0.5 tsf |
Reference: Trench Safety & OSHA Requirements
| Symbol | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| GW | Well-graded gravel | Excellent drainage, high bearing |
| GP | Poorly-graded gravel | Good drainage, moderate bearing |
| SW | Well-graded sand | Good drainage, good bearing |
| SP | Poorly-graded sand | Good drainage, lower bearing |
| SM | Silty sand | Fair drainage, fair bearing |
| SC | Clayey sand | Poor drainage, fair bearing |
| ML | Silt | Poor drainage, low bearing |
| CL | Lean clay | Poor drainage, fair bearing |
| CH | Fat clay | Very poor drainage, variable bearing, expansive |
| OH/OL | Organic soils | Not suitable for structural support |
Reference: Geotechnical Fundamentals
| Application | Minimum % Compaction | Test Method | Lift Thickness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Structural fill under footings | 95-98% Modified Proctor | Nuclear density | 6-8" loose |
| Building pad/slab subgrade | 95% Modified Proctor | Nuclear density | 8" loose |
| Utility trench backfill (pipe zone) | 95% Standard Proctor | Nuclear density | 6" loose |
| Utility trench backfill (above pipe) | 90-95% Standard Proctor | Nuclear density | 8-12" loose |
| Pavement subgrade | 95% Modified Proctor | Nuclear density | 8" loose |
| General site fill | 90% Standard Proctor | Nuclear density | 12" loose |
Reference: Excavation & Earthwork
| Material | Shrink Factor | Swell Factor | Bank to Compacted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clay | 0.90 | 1.30 | 0.90 |
| Common earth | 0.90 | 1.25 | 0.90 |
| Gravel | 0.92 | 1.12 | 1.05 |
| Sand | 0.95 | 1.12 | 0.95 |
| Rock (blasted) | 0.67 | 1.50 | Variable |
Reference: Excavation & Earthwork
| Application | Common Materials | Typical Sizes | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanitary sewer | PVC (SDR 35), DIP, VCP | 4"-36" | SDR 35 to 15' depth; DIP for deeper |
| Storm drainage | RCP, HDPE, PVC, CMP | 12"-96" | RCP for heavy loads; HDPE for flexibility |
| Domestic water | DIP, PVC (C900), HDPE | 4"-16" | DIP most common; HDPE for HDD |
| Fire water | DIP, cement-lined | 6"-12" | Typically ductile iron |
| Gas (distribution) | PE, steel | 2"-6" | Yellow PE most common |
| Electrical duct | PVC (Sch 40/80), HDPE | 2"-6" | Concrete encased in traffic areas |
Reference: Sanitary & Storm | Water & Fire | Dry Utilities
| Groundwater Condition | Soil Type | Recommended System | Typical Depth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low volume, shallow | Any | Open sumps | 0-6' |
| Moderate volume | Sand, gravel | Wellpoints | 0-18' |
| High volume, deep | Sand, gravel | Deep wells | 15-100'+ |
| Fine soils, low perm | Silt, fine sand | Eductors | 0-60' |
| Contaminated | Any | Contained system | Varies |
Reference: Dewatering Systems
| Excavation Depth | Soil Conditions | Typical System | Design Responsibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| <5' | Type A soil | Open cut or box | Contractor |
| 5-12' | Type B/C soil | Trench box/shield | Contractor |
| 5-20' | Mixed conditions | Sheet piling | Engineer required |
| 10-40' | Tight site, adjacent structures | Soldier pile & lagging | Engineer required |
| 20'+ | High groundwater | Secant/tangent piles | Engineer required |
| Variable | Permanent installation | Soil nail wall | Engineer required |
Reference: Shoring & Excavation Support
| Color | Utility Type | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Red | Electric | Power lines, conduit, lighting |
| Yellow | Gas/Oil/Steam | Natural gas, propane, petroleum |
| Orange | Communication | Telephone, cable TV, fiber optic |
| Blue | Water | Potable water, irrigation |
| Green | Sewer/Drain | Sanitary sewer, storm drain |
| Purple | Reclaimed water | Non-potable water |
| Pink | Temporary survey | Survey marks, proposed excavation |
| White | Proposed excavation | Dig area boundary |
Reference: Utility Coordination & Locates
| Material | Friability | Typical Location | Removal Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pipe insulation | Friable | Mechanical rooms, ceilings | Full containment |
| Spray-on fireproofing | Friable | Structural steel, decking | Full containment |
| Acoustic ceiling tile | Non-friable | Ceilings throughout | Wet removal |
| Floor tile (9x9, 12x12 VAT) | Non-friable | Throughout building | Wet removal |
| Mastic/adhesive | Non-friable | Under flooring | Leave in place or removal |
| Transite siding/panels | Non-friable | Exterior, mechanical rooms | Wet, intact removal |
| Roofing felts | Non-friable | Roof systems | Wet removal |
| Joint compound | Friable | Drywall joints | Full containment |
| Boiler insulation | Friable | Mechanical rooms | Full containment |
Reference: Asbestos Abatement
| Regulation | Agency | Applies To | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| NESHAP | EPA | Asbestos | 10-day notification, work practices |
| OSHA 1926.1101 | OSHA | Asbestos (construction) | Worker protection, exposure limits |
| OSHA 1926.62 | OSHA | Lead (construction) | Worker protection, medical monitoring |
| RRP Rule | EPA | Lead paint renovation | Certified renovators, work practices |
| TSCA | EPA | PCBs | Disposal requirements |
| RCRA | EPA | Hazardous waste | Manifests, disposal |
| NPDES | EPA/State | Stormwater | SWPPP, inspections, BMPs |
Reference: Lead & Hazmat Abatement | Permits & Regulatory
| Pipe Type | Test Method | Test Pressure/Duration | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanitary PVC | Low-pressure air | 4.0 psi, 2 min minimum | No audible leaks |
| Sanitary PVC | Mandrel (deflection) | 5% of ID | Pass without force |
| Storm RCP | Exfiltration | 2' head above GW | <200 gal/inch-dia/mile/day |
| Water main DIP | Hydrostatic | 150% working, 2 hrs | Max allowable leakage per AWWA |
| Water main PVC | Hydrostatic | 150% working, 2 hrs | Max allowable leakage per AWWA |
| Gas PE | Pressure test | 1.5x MAOP, 1 hr | No pressure drop |
| Electrical duct | Mandrel | Per spec | Full pass-through |
Reference: Testing & Inspections
| BMP Type | Application | Maintenance Frequency | Key Installation Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silt fence | Perimeter, slope bases | Weekly + after 0.5"+ rain | Trenched 6"+, posts 6' OC |
| Inlet protection | Storm inlets | Weekly + after rain | Filter fabric or gravel |
| Stabilized entrance | Site access points | Daily, add stone as needed | 50' min length, 6" stone |
| Sediment basin | Large disturbed areas | After each storm event | Per SWPPP sizing |
| Erosion blanket | Slopes >3:1 | Inspect weekly | Stapled per manufacturer |
| Concrete washout | Mixer/pump cleaning | Weekly, dispose properly | Lined pit, 10' from drainage |
Reference: Erosion & Sediment Control
| Element | Horizontal Tolerance | Vertical Tolerance | Verification Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Building corners | ±0.01' (1/8") | N/A | Double-check layout |
| Foundation/footings | ±0.02' (1/4") | ±0.02' | Survey, form check |
| Anchor bolts | ±1/8" | ±1/4" | Template, survey |
| Structural steel base plates | ±1/8" | ±1/8" | Survey, level |
| Underground utilities | ±0.10' | ±0.02' elevation | Grade laser, survey |
| Fine grading | ±0.02'-0.04' | ±0.02' | Laser, string line |
| Paving subgrade | ±0.02' | ±0.02' | Laser level |
Reference: Surveying & Layout
| Division | Title | Key Sections |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | General Requirements | SWPPP (01 57 00), Temporary Facilities |
| 02 | Existing Conditions | Demolition (02 41 00), Hazmat (02 82 00) |
| 31 | Earthwork | Excavation, Shoring, Dewatering, Grading |
| 32 | Exterior Improvements | Paving, Fencing, Site Improvements |
| 33 | Utilities | Storm, Sanitary, Water, Gas, Electric |
Reference: Specifications & CSI Divisions
This skill works with other construction management skills:
| Skill | Integration Points |
|---|---|
| construction-safety-management | OSHA requirements, competent person duties, incident investigation |
| vdc-bim-coordination | Underground utility coordination, clash detection, 3D models |
| procore-project-management | RFIs, submittals, daily logs, documentation workflows |
| schedule-management-cpm | Early phase sequencing, critical path, activity durations |
| contract-administration | Differing site conditions claims, change orders |
| claims-delay-documentation | Unforeseen conditions, delay documentation |
1. Site Mobilization & Setup
├── Establish survey control
├── Install erosion controls
├── Set up construction entrance
└── Temporary facilities
2. Demolition Phase
├── Hazmat surveys (if not complete)
├── Utility disconnections
├── Abatement (asbestos, lead)
├── Selective interior demo
├── Structural demolition
└── Foundation/basement removal
3. Site Clearing & Earthwork
├── Strip topsoil (stockpile or export)
├── Mass excavation
├── Shoring installation
├── Dewatering (if required)
├── Building pad preparation
└── Proof roll and compaction testing
4. Underground Utilities
├── Storm drainage
├── Sanitary sewer
├── Water and fire mains
├── Dry utility duct banks
├── Testing and inspection
└── Backfill and compaction
5. Foundation Preparation
├── Fine grading
├── Subgrade compaction
├── Foundation layout
└── Hand-off to structural